Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Pertussis in Children, Cheonan, Korea

천안지역 소아 백일해 감염의 유병률과 임상적 고찰

  • Lee, Kun Song (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Son, Jae Sung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Chung, Eun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Bae, Hong Ki (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Lee, Mee Jeong (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Yu, Jeesuk (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Chang, Young Pyo (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Park, Woo Sung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Jae Kyoung (Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Rheem, Insoo (Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University) ;
  • Roh, Eui-Jung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kon-Yang University)
  • 이건송 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 손재성 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 정은희 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 홍기배 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이미정 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 유지숙 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 장영표 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 박우성 (단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김재경 (단국대학교 의과대학 진단검사의학과교실) ;
  • 임인수 (단국대학교 의과대학 진단검사의학과교실) ;
  • 노의정 (건양대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2009.11.02
  • Accepted : 2009.12.04
  • Published : 2009.12.25

Abstract

Purpose : A number of countries have experienced an increase in pertussis during the past decade. In particular, there has been an increase in the incidence rate among adolescents and adults. To learn more about the current epidemiology of pertussis, we studied the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pertussis in children in Cheonan, South Korea. Methods : We collected nasopharyngeal aspirates of 118 patients who were treated for respiratory symptoms at Dankook Univeristy Hospital between March 2008 and September 2009. We performed multiplex PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis in those aspirates. Results : Of the 118 patients, 10 (8%) were positive by PCR for B. pertussis. Six episodes occurred during the period July to September 2009. Nine of the 10 patients were less than 3 months old. Seven of them had not received DTaP vaccine. The mean duration of coughing before diagnosis was 10.9${\pm}$5.2 days. Ten patients (100%) had paroxysmal cough and 8 (80%) had post-tussive vomiting. Only one patient had fever. One who had complications that include pneumonia, atelectasis and pneumomediastinum developed an absolute increase in leukocyte count (84,400/$mm^3$). There was a statistically significant relation between vaccine being received and development of complications (P =0.033). Conclusion : We suspect that there was an epidemic of pertussis between July and September 2009. Further investigation by a pediatric or nationwide surveillance system is needed to monitor the changing epidemiology for pertussis.

목 적: 최근 10년 동안 여러 나라에서 백일해의 발생률이 증가하고 있으며, 특히 사춘기 및 성인 연령에서 발생률이 증가하고 있음을 보고하였다. 본 연구는 천안 지역에서 백일해의 유병률과 임상양상을 알아보고 우리나라 백일해에 대한 역학 조사에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법: 2008년 3월에서 2009년 9월까지 단국대학교병원 소아청소년과에 호흡기 증상으로 입원치료를 하였거나 외래 진료를 받고 호흡기 감염균 다중 PCR 검사를 시행한 118명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 검체는 환아의 비인두액을 무균의 카테터를 이용하여 채취하였고 이를 다중 PCR 검사를 시행하여 B. pertussis 균주의 밴드유무를 판독하고 DNA sequencing을 시행하였다. 결 과: 118명의 환아 중 10명(8%)에서 B. pertussis 양성을 보였고, 2009년 7-9월에 6명이 발생하였다. 10명 중 9명 이 3개월 미만의 영아였으며, 7명은 DTaP 예방접종을 시행하지 않은 환아였다. 진단 전 기침의 평균 기간은 10.9${\pm}$5.2일이였다. 임상양상은 발작적 기침이 10명(100%)에서 있었으며 기침 후 구토증상이 8명(80%), 기침 시 입술 주위 청색증을 보인 환아가 7명(70%) 이였다. 발열은 1명에서만 관찰되었다. 전형적인 기침 양상인 whooping은 4명(40%)에서 관찰되었다. 평균 백혈구 수는 20,068${\pm}{\pm}10,135/mm^3$ (9,280-38,320/$mm^3$) 이었고, 평균 림프구는 67.1${\pm}{\pm}$21.7% (13.3-82.5%)였다. 폐렴, 무기폐, 기종격동의 합병증과 함께 호흡곤란이 있었던 1명의 환아는 치료 중 84,400/$mm^3$의 백혈구 상승이 있었다. DTaP를 접종하지 않은 7명의 환아 중 6명에서 합병증이 발생했으며 백신 접종의 유무와 합병증 발생과는 통계적으로 유의한 연관성이 있었다(P =0.033). 결 론: 중부지역에서 백일해의 발생이 2009년 7-9월에 집중되어 있었다. 향후 소아청소년과 혹은 전국적인 감시체계 등을 통하여 국내에서의 백일해 역학의 변화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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