DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Properties of White Lotus Leaf Fermented by Mycelial Paecilomyces japonica

동충하초 균사체로 발효시킨 백련잎차의 품질특성

  • 김종숙 (한국전통발효식품연구소) ;
  • 왕수빈 (순천대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 강성구 (한국전통발효식품연구소) ;
  • 조영숙 (순천대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박석규 (한국전통발효식품연구소)
  • Published : 2009.05.29

Abstract

Quality characteristics of white lotus leaf tea (LLT) fermented with or without mycelial Paecilomyces japonica were investigated. Extraction yield and browning index of hot water extract from non fermented and fermented LLTs were higher than those of ethanol extract (p<0.05). In all LLTs, nutritional components such as total free sugar, free amino acids and minerals of hot water extracts were higher than those of ethanol extracts except for total organic acids (p<0.05). Contents of total free sugar and organic acids were markedly increased through fermentation process of mycelial Paecilomyces japonica. in the same solvent extracts (p<0.05). Contents of most taste components of fermented LLT were increased by mycelial solid fermentation (p<0.05), but total free amino acids of two extracts were decreased in the range of $37.1{\sim}67.2%$ as compared to non-fermented LLT. Fifty-nine volatile compounds were identified by GC and GC-MS, including 11 aldehydes, 14 alcohols, 11 ketones, 11 hydrocarbones and 12 acids. Aldehyde and ketone compounds were more identified in fermented LLT than in non-fermented LLT being abundant alcohol compounds by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction. The most abundant compounds of LLT identified in this study were curcumene followed by 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol and cyclohexen. Main compounds of fermented LLT were 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol, butanoic acid, furfural, benzaldehyde, hexanoic acid and 2(3H)-furanone.

눈꽃 동충하초 균사체를 이용한 백련잎 발효차와 비발효차의 열수와 에탄올 추출물에 대한 품질특성을 평가하기 위하여, 추출수율, 갈변도, 유리당, 유기산, 유리아미노산, 무기질의 함량을 조사하였고, 또한 수증기 증류법으로 백련잎차의 휘발성 성분을 동정하였다. 추출수율은 발효 및 비발효차 모두 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 높았으며, 백련잎 발효차의 열수 추출용매에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 26.55%를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 갈변도는 흡광도로서 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출물에 비하여 1.6배 이상으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 총 유리당은 백련잎 발효차의 열수 추출물에서 43.4%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, glucose 함량은 발효차의 열수 및 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 5.6배, 3.7배 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.05). 총 유기산은 $861.9{\sim}4,704.8\;mg%$ 범위로서 발효 백련잎차의 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 그 중에는 succinic acid가 에탄올 추출물에서 유의적으로 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 백련잎 발효차는 비발효차의 경우와는 달리 acetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid가 확인되었다. 총 유리아미노산은 건물 당 $346.4{\sim}1,480.8\;mg%$ 범위 로서, 비발효 백련잎차의 열수 추출물이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 백련잎 발효차는 비발효차에 비하여 총 유리아미노산 함량이 감소하는 경향이었으며, 용매별로는 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출물에 비하여 2.9배 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.05). 총 무기질은 비발효 및 발효차의 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출물에 비하여 각각 2.1배, 1.7배 높았으며, 그 중에서는 발효차의 열수 추출물이 유의적으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 휘발성 성분은 aldehyde류 11종, alcohol류 14종, ketone류 11종, hydrocarbone류 11종, acid류 12종으로 총 59개를 동정할 수가 있었으며, 특히 비발 효차는 alcohol류, 발효차는 aldehyde류와 ketone류에서 서로 다른 휘발성분들이 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho YS, Shin DY, Kim JH, Jang JM, Park SK, Kang SK, Lee MK. 2009. Natural Living Tea and Health. Namdo Tea Research Institute, Suncheon, Korea
  2. Cho YS, Park SK, Lee KS, Kim JY, Wang SB, Shon MY. 2008. Development of microbial fermented tea using wild type green tea. Report of technology development program for agriculture and forestry, Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Seoul, Korea
  3. Lee KS, Kwon YJ, Lee KY. 2008. Analysis of chemical composition, vitamin, mineral and antioxidative effect of the lotus leaf. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 1622-1626 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.12.1622
  4. Han KY, Yoon SJ. 2007. Quality characteristics of lotus Jeolpyun during storage. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 1604-1611 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.12.1604
  5. Zelenski SG. 1977. Alkaloids of Nelumbo nucifera (wild) (Nymphaeacea). J Pharm Sci 66: 1627-1628 https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600661132
  6. Lee KS, Kim MG, Lee KY. 2006. Antioxidative activity of ethanol extract from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 182-186 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.2.182
  7. Park CH, Hur JM, Song KS, Park JC. 2007. Phenolic compounds from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera showing DPPH radical scavenging effect. Kor J Pharmacogn 38: 263-269
  8. Lee HK, Choi YM, Noh DO, Suh HJ. 2005. Antioxidant effect of Korean traditional lotus liquor (Yunyupju). Int J Food Sci Technol 40: 709-715 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.00990.x
  9. Lee KS, Oh CS, Lee KY. 2006. Antimicrobial effect of the fractions extracted from a lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 219-223 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.2.219
  10. Agnihotri VK, EISohly HN, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Joshi VC, Smillie T, Khan IA, Walker LA. 2008. Constituents of Nelumbo nucifera leaves and their antimalarial and antifungal activity. Phytochemistry Letters 1: 89-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2008.03.003
  11. Lee EH, Lee YJ, Choi OB, Kang SM. 2007. Effects of a combined diet of Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf and herb extracts in obesity-induced white rat with fat diet. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 50: 295-303
  12. Ko BS, Jun DW, Jang JS, Kim JH, Park SM. 2006. Effect of Sasa borealis and white lotus roots and leaves on insulin action and secretion in vitro. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 114-120
  13. Ono Y, Hattori E, Fukaya Y, Imai S, Ohizumi Y. 2006. Anti-obesity effect Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in mice and rats. J Ethanopharmacol 106: 238-244 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.036
  14. Kim SB, Rho SB, Rhyu DY, Kim DW. 2005. Effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on hyperlipidemic and atherosclerotic bio F1B hamster. Kor J Pharmacogn 36: 229-234
  15. Shin MK, Han SH. 2006. Effects of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf powder on lipid concentration in rats fed high diet rats. Korean J Food Culture 21: 202-208
  16. Yang WM, Kim HM, Chang MS, Park WS, Kim WN, Kim SW, Choi DG, Lee HC, Kim YK, Park SK. 2006. Effects of ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on anti-oxidation and type I procollagen expression in CCD-986sk cells. Korean J Oriental Med Prescription 14: 67-75
  17. Chang MS, Kim HM, Yang WM, Kim DR, Park EH, Ko EB, Choi MJ. 2007. Inhibitory effects of Nulumbo nucifera on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in clone M-3 melanocyte cells. Kor J Herbology 22: 87-94
  18. Jung HA, Jung YJ, Yoon NY, Jeong DM, Bae HJ, Kim DW, Na DH, Choi JS. 2008. Inhibitory effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on rat lens aldose reductase, advanced glycogen endproducts formation, and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 46: 3818-3826 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.004
  19. Kashiwada Y, Aoshima A, Ikeshiro Y, Chen YP, Furukawa H, Itoigawa M, Fujioka T, Mihashi K, Cosentino LM, Lee KH. 2005. Anti-HIV benzylalkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, and structure-activity correlations with related alkaloides. Bioorganic Medicinal Chem 13: 443-448 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.020
  20. Kim GS, Park GS. 2008. Quality characteristics of cookies prepared with lotus powder. Korean J Food Cookery 24: 398-404
  21. Park SH, Chang KH, Byun GI, Kang WW. 2009. Quality characteristics of bread made with flour partly substituted by lotus leaf powder. Korean J Food Preserv 16: 47-52
  22. Yoon SJ. 2007. Quality characteristics of Sulgitteok added with lotus leaf powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 23: 433-442
  23. Son KH, Park DY. 2007. The quality characteristics of Sulgi prepared using different amounts of mulberry leaf powder and lotus powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 23: 977-986
  24. Shin YJ. 2007. Quality characteristics of fish paste containing lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 23: 947-953
  25. Kim DC, Kim DW, In MJ. 2006. Preparation of lotus leaves tea and its quality characteristics. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 49: 163-164
  26. Kang SK. 2007. Changes in proximate composition, free amino acid, free sugar and vitamin of Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma atomatica Salib according to picking time. Korean J Food Preserv 14: 624-632
  27. Kang SK. 2007. Changes in organic acid, mineral, color, curcumin and bitter substance of Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma atomatica Salib according to picking time. Korean J Food Preserv 14: 633-638
  28. Ohara I, Ariyoshi S. 1979. Comparison of protein precipitants for the determination of free amino acid in plasma. Agric Biol Chem 43: 1473-1478 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.43.1473
  29. Sakai T, Yoshihara K, Hirose Y. 1970. A comparative study of the constituents of volatile oils of zanthoxylum. Chem Soc Bull 43: 484-487 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.43.484
  30. Duncan DB. 1995. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics 47: 11-20
  31. Choi JH. 2005. Physiological activity and isoflavone composition of soybean products prepared with some different strains. MS Thesis. Sunchon National University
  32. Kim JK, Kang WW, Kim GY, Moon HK. 2001. Changes of flavor compounds in persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki folium) during growth. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 11: 472-478
  33. Lee MS, Chung MS. 2003. Analysis of volatile compounds in Perilla frutescens var. acuta by solid phase microextraction. Korean J Food Culture 18: 69-74

Cited by

  1. Toxin profile, antibiotic resistance, and phenotypic and molecular characterization of Bacillus cereus in Sunsik vol.32, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.003
  2. Genomic sequence of temperate phage 250 isolated from emetic B. cereus and cloning of putative endolysin vol.19, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-010-0232-6
  3. Physicochemical characteristics of acorn tea by processing methods vol.23, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.3.335
  4. Comparison in Seed and Sprout Quality under Different Cropping Patterns in Mungbean vol.56, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2011.56.3.212
  5. Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Antibiotic Resistance ofBacillus cereusIsolated from Korean Fermented Soybean Products vol.80, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12720
  6. Effects of pretreatments and storage temperatureon the quality of lotus leaves vol.23, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.2.155
  7. Physicochemical components of Astragalus membranaceus fermented with mushroom mycelia vol.23, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.1.49
  8. Physicochemical Characteristics and Biological Activities of Artemisia Argyi H. vol.24, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2014.24.4.377
  9. Changes in Nutritional Composition of Dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) Ethanol Extracts vol.44, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.6.882
  10. 상황버섯균 접종 황기의 배양 중 이화학적 성분변화 vol.23, pp.5, 2009, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.5.680
  11. 갈색거저리 동충하초의 Streptococcus thermophilus KCCM 3782 유산균 발효에 따른 물리화학적 특성과 산화방지 활성 비교 vol.25, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.1.136
  12. Rhodosporidium toruloides에서의 적색 파프리카 에탄올 추출물의 중성지방 억제 효과 vol.34, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2021.34.2.186