Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life (동아시아식생활학회지)

The East Asian Society of Dietary Life (동아시아식생활학회)
권호 표지

Dietary Habits, Body Weight Satisfaction and Eating Disorders according to the Body Mass Index of Female University Students in Kyungnam Province

경남 지역 일부 여대생의 비만도에 따른 식습관, 체중 만족도 및 섭식 장애에 관한 연구

  • 박경애 (가야대학교 호텔조리영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, body weight satisfaction and eating disorder tendencies of female university students in Kyungnam province. Anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, body weight satisfaction, food preferences, disordered eating, and nutrient intakes were assessed in 132 female students at Kaya University. The results were analyzed with $x^2$- and ANOVA tests using the SPSS package program. The average age of the subjects was 20.1 years and average body mass index (BMI) were $21.1\;kg/m^2$. According to BMI, the percentages of students who were underweight, normal weight and overweight by BMI were 21.2, 55.3, and 23.5, respectively. Duration of exercise was significantly different by BMI. Index scores for a mini dietary assessment were significantly higher in the normal and overweight groups than in the underweight group. Scores for sweet, salty, and meat preferences were highest and scores for bean and vegetable preferences were lowest, in the underweight group. Satisfaction for present body weight was lowest, and self-perception of body image and weight control experiences were highest in the overweight group. All subjects in the overweight group wanted to be slim, and those in the normal and underweight groups, preferred to be more slim despite their current body weight being in the normal or below normal range. The percentage of the subjects who were at risk for eating disorders (based on scores from the Eating Attitude Test-26, EAT-$26{\geqq}20$) was 11.3%. Scores for EAT-26 were higher in the overweight group than in the underweight and normal weight groups. Nutrient intakes were not different among the groups. Therefore, dietary habits, taste and food preferences, satisfaction for present body weight, and disordered eating were significantly different according to BMI. These results suggest that overweight female university students need help correcting disordered eating, and nutrition counseling should be established to aid desirable weight control methods. Those who are underweight and normal weight need help establishing proper perceptions of their normal body weight and body image as well as nutrition counseling for health.

본 연구는 자신의 외모나 체형에 많은 관심을 갖게 되는 여대생들을 대상으로 체질량지수에 따른 식생활, 식습관, 생활양식, 식생활의 질, 식품 기호도, 체중에 대한 만족도와 신체상, 이상 식이 행동의 정도 및 영양소 섭취량을 종합적으로 파악하여, 성인기 초기 여성의 바람직한 식습관과 생활습관 및 영양 관리를 통해 정상 체중과 건강 유지에 기여하고자 시도되었다. 1. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 신장은 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 체중(p<0.001), 체질량지수(p<0.001), 체지방 비율(p<0.001), 체지방 함량(p<0.001), 제지방 함량(p<0.001) 및 체수분량(p<0.001)은 비만도에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 운동 시간은 유의한 차이를 보여(p<0.01), 저체중군과 정상 체중군은 운동을 하지 않는 경우가 가장 많았고 과체중군은 30분~1시간 운동하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 그러나, 여대생의 평균 연령, 경제 상태, 흡연율, 음주 빈도, 운동 빈도, 건강, 우울, 스트레스는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 하루 식사 회수, 결식 끼니, 과식 끼니 및 간식 횟수는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 수면 시간, 월경의 규칙성 및 건강 상태도 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 간이 식생활 진단 점수는 유의한 차이를 보여, 정상 체중군과 과체중군이 저체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 5. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 단맛과 짠맛은 유의한 차이를 보여, 단맛(p<0.05)과 짠맛(p<0.01)에 대한 기호도는 저체중군이 과체중보다 유의하게 높았다. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 육류, 콩류 및 간식류에 대한 기호도는 유의한 차이를 보여, 육류에 대한 기호도는 저체중군이 정상 체중군과 과체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 콩류에 대한 기호도는 정상 체중군과 과체중군이 저체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 간식류에 대한 기호도는 저체중군과 정상 체중군이 과체중군에 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 6. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 체중에 대한 만족도와 자신의 체형에 대한 인식은 유의한 차이를 보였다(각각 p<0.0001). 원하는 체중(p<0.0001)과 체중 조절의 경험(p<0.0001)도 비만도에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 7. 여대생의 섭식 장애 발생율은 11.3%이었다. 비만도에 따라 EAT-26의 평균 점수는 유의한 차이가 있어(p<0.001), 과체중군이 저체중군과 정상 체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 8. 비만도에 따라 여대생의 영양소 섭취량은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 9. 체질량 지수와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타낸 신체 계측치는 체중, 체지방 비율, 체지방 함량, 제지방 함량 및 체수분량이었다. 체질량지수와 유의한 상관관계를 보인 변수는 용돈(p<0.01), 간식 빈도(p<0.001), 운동 지속 시간(p<0.001), 간이 식생활 진단 점수(p<0.05), 단맛(p<0.01), 짠맛(p<0.01), 간식(p<0.001) 및 인스턴트 음식(p<0.05)에 대한 기호도, 체중에 대한 만족도(p<0.001), 자신의 체형에 대한 인식(p<0.001), 체중 조절 경험(p<0.001), 탄수화물 섭취(p<0.05), 섭식 장애 점수(p<0.001) 및 요인 I(정체성 요인) 점수(p<0.001)이었다. 결론적으로, 비만도에 따라 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방 비율, 체지방 함량, 제지방 함량 및 체수분량은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 과체중군이 운동 시간이 많았고, 저체중군의 식생활의 질이 낮으며 짠맛, 단맛, 육류 및 간식에 대한 기호도가 높았다. 비만도가 높아질수록 체중에 대한 만족도가 낮았고 체형을 제대로 인식하였고 체중 조절 경험이 많았으며 섭식장애 점수가 높았다. 따라서 실제 과체중인 여대생은 자신의 체중에 대한 만족도가 낮아 이상 식이 태도를 보이는 것으로 나타났으므로 섭식문제를 해결하기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 개발과 함께 올바른 식습관과 운동 및 행동 수정 요법으로 체중을 조절하고 유지할 수 있도록 하여 섭식 문제와 체중 조절의 역작용을 예방하도록 하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다. 저체중이거나 정상 체중임에도 체형에 대한 만족도가 낮아 올바른 신체상 정립의 문제로 체중을 감량하려는 여대생에게는 저체중의 문제점과 올바른 신체상 정립, 정상 체중에 대한 적극적인 교육을 통해 자신의 신체상과 적정 체중에 대한 올바른 인식을 가지고 불필요하게 체중을 감소시켜 건강을 해치는 일이 없도록 해야 할 것이다. 또한 섭취량이 낮은 영양소 특히 칼슘과 엽산 섭취를 증가시키는 방안에 대한 영양교육은 모든 여대생에게 필요하며, 정상 체중과 건강 유지를 위한 바람직한 식생활을 정립할 수 있도록 영양교육을 해야 할 것이다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 여대생의 잘못된 체형 인식, 식습관, 기호도, 생활습관 및 섭식 장애로 인한 건강문제를 올바로 인지하여 여대생에게 올바른 체중 조절 태도, 건강 관련 식습관 및 생활 습관을 사전 교육하게 하고 섭식 장애 문제를 예방하는 프로그램 개발의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 권두승, 조아미 (1998) 청소년의 섭식행동 및 태도와 문제행동과의 관계. 교육문제연구 10: 77-98.
  2. 질병관리본부, 보건복지가족부 (2008) 2007 국민건강통계: 국민건강영양조사 제 4기(1차년도).
  3. 한국영양학회 (2005) 한국인 영양 섭취기준. (사) 한국영양학회.
  4. Bae HS (2008) Dietary intake, serum lipids, iron index and antioxidant status by percent body fat of young females. Korean J Community Nutrition 13: 323-333.
  5. Brownell KD, Kelman JH, Stunkard AJ (1983) Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers (changes in weight and blood pressure). Pediatrics 71: 515-523.
  6. Chaung SK (2001) Weight control practices body image of female college students. J Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 18: 163-175.
  7. Chin JH, Chang KJ (2005) College students' attitude toward body weight control, health-related lifestyle and dietary behavior by self-perception on body image and obesity index. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 34: 1559-1565. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.10.1559
  8. Cho JY, Song JC (2007) Dietary behavior, health status and perceived stress of university students. Korean J Food & Nutr 20: 476-486.
  9. Cho SJ, Kim CK (1997) The effects of female students' obese level and weight control benavior and attitudes on stress. J Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 14: 1-16.
  10. Choi ES, Lee KE (1997) Relationships between body shape. body image and health complaints in women registered at a facility for managing body shape. Korean J Women Health Nurs 3: 169-179.
  11. Choi JH, Ahn DH, Nam JH, Cho YJ, Choi BY (1998) Reliability testing of eating attitude test for Korean adolescents. Korean J Child & Adol Psychiatr 9: 91-97.
  12. Choi MJ (1999) Studies on nutrient intake and food habit of college students on Taegu. J Korean Nutrition 32: 918-926.
  13. Choi MS, Cheon SK (2007) Internalization of the sociocultural attitudes, body shape satisfaction, anger and eating attitudes in college women. Korean J Women Health Nurs 13: 327-335.
  14. Choi YS, Yoo YJ, Kim JG, Nam SM, Jung ME, Chung CK (2001) Food preferences and nutrient intakes of college students in Kangwon province. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 30: 175-182.
  15. de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Seim HL, Speoker SM, Pyle RL, Raymond NC, Crosby RB (1994) Eating related and general psychopathology in obese females with binge eating disorder. Int J Eating Dis 15: 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199401)15:1<43::AID-EAT2260150106>3.0.CO;2-6
  16. Eun YJ, Choi SP, Soh MG, Song YK, Lim HH (2006) A comparative study of body image, eating attitudes and obesity degree in Incheon University students. J Korean Oriental Association for Study of Obesity 6: 93-105.
  17. Foster GD, Wadden TA (1994) The psychology of obesity, weight loss and weight regain: Research and clinical findings. Chapman & Hall, NY. pp 141-159.
  18. Gamer DM, Garfinkel PE (1979) The eating attitude test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Phychol Med 9: 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700030762
  19. Gamer DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkle PE (1982) The eating attitude test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 12: 871-878. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700049163
  20. Geller J, Srikameswaran S, Cockell SJ, Zaitsoff SL (2000) Assessment of shape- and weight-based self-esteem in adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 28: 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(200011)28:3<339::AID-EAT12>3.0.CO;2-R
  21. Gittelsohn J, Harris SB, Thome-Lyman AL, Hanley AJG, Barnie A, Zinman B (1996) Body image concepts differ by age and sex in an Ojibway-Cree community in Canada. J Nutr 126: 2990-3000. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.12.2990
  22. Han MJ, Cho HA (1998) Dietary habit and perceived stress of college students in Seoul area. Korean J Dietary Culture 13: 317-325.
  23. Han OS, Yoo HJ, Kim CY, Lee C, Min BK, Park IH (1990) The epidemiology and personality characteristics of eating disorders in Korea. Seoul J Psychiatry 15: 270-287.
  24. Hassapidou M, Papadopoulou SK, Frossinis A, Kaklamanos I, Tzotzas T (2009) Sociodemographic, ethnic and dietary factors associated with childhood obesity in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. Hormones (Athens) 8: 53-59. https://doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1222
  25. Hill AJ, Silver EK (1995) Fat, friendless and unhealthy 9-year old children's perception of body shape stereotype. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19: 423-430.
  26. Hoerr SL, Bokram R, Lugo B, Bivins T, Keast DR (2002) Risk for disordered eating relates to both gender and ethnicity for college students. J Am Coll Nutr 21: 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2002.10719228
  27. Hwang RH, Shin HS (2000) A study on eating disorder, body image and self-esteem of high school girls. Korean J Women Health Nurs 6: 129-139.
  28. Joo EJ, Park SH (1998) Effects of body image and restrained eating on eating disorder, dietary intakes, self esteem and sex role identity in college women. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 8: 399-411.
  29. Kim BR, Han YB, Chang UJ (1997) A study on the attitude toward weight control, diet behavior and food habits of college students. Korean J Community Nutrition 2: 530-548.
  30. Kim HS, Jun MR, Park YI, Uhm DC, Kim DS (2008) Are the economic and convenient anthropometric estimates reliable tools for assessing body fat of university student? J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Edu 14: 305-314. https://doi.org/10.5977/JKASNE.2008.14.2.305
  31. Kim HS, Park HS (2002) Reliability and vaidity of bioimpedence body composition analyzer. J Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 11: 1-9.
  32. Kim JN, Seo JH (2004) A study on the life style and bone mineral density of women college students by body mass index. Food Industry and Nutrition 9: 41-45.
  33. Kim KH (2003) A study of the dietary habits, the nutritional knowledge and the consumption patterns of convenience foods of university students in the Gwangju area. Korean J Community Nutrition 8: 181-191.
  34. Kim KN, Lee KS (1996) Nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and food behaviors of college students. Korean J Community Mutrition 1: 89-99.
  35. Kim KW, Shin EM (2002) A study on nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitudes, dietary behavior and dietary intake by weight control attempt among middle school students. Korean J Community Nutrition 7: 23-31.
  36. Kim SH, Joung KH, Kim YJ (2005) Effects of the life style and self-recognition of health conditions on the body fat % in hotel culinary arts college students. Korean J Community Nutrition 10: 8253-834.
  37. Kim SY, Lee HM, Song KH (2007) Body image recognition of dietary behaviors of college students according to the body mass index. Korean J Community Nutrition 12: 3-12.
  38. Kim WY, Cho MS, Kim HS (2003) Development of validation of mini dietary assessment index for Koreans. Korean J Nutrition 36: 83-92.
  39. Ko MS (2007) The comparison in daily intake of nutrients and dietary habits of college students in Busan. Korean J Community Nutrition 12: 259-271.
  40. Lee JE, Lee I (2006) Classification of eating disorder patterns of female middle school students and their association with self-body image, weight control behavior and eating behavior. Korean J Community Living Science 17: 89-103.
  41. Lee JH, Kim JS, Lee MY, Chung SH, Chang KJ (2001) A study on weight-control experience, eating disorder and nutrient intake of college students attending web class via the Internet. Korean J Community Nutrition 6: 604-616.
  42. Lee KE, Kim NS (1998) The relationship between eating disorder, physical symptoms and mood status among college women. Korean J Women Health Nurs 4: 388-401.
  43. Lee KH, Kim SK, Chun KJ, Han SH (2003) The relationship between eating disorder and self-esteem in female college students. Korean J Women Health Nurs 9: 390-399.
  44. Lee YJ, Song KH (1996) A study on the body fat content and serum lipids in college students. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 25: 11-20.
  45. Lowry R (2000) Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among US college students. Am J Prev Med 18: 18-27.
  46. Lyu ES (1993) A study on the dietary behaviors of college students in Pusan. Korean J Dietary Cultrue 8: 43-54.
  47. Makino M, Hashizume M, Yasushi M, Tsuboi K, Dennerstein L (2006) Factors associated with abnormal eating attitudes among female college students in Japan. Arch Womens Ment Health 9: 203-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-006-0128-x
  48. Motenson GM, Hoerr SL, Gamer DM (1993) Predictors of body satisfaction in college women. Am Diet Assoc 93: 1037-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(93)92044-X
  49. Nam HJ, Kim YS (2005) Study on association between risk of eating disorder and self-esteem on body image. Korean J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 18: 115-126.
  50. Oh SI, Lee MK (2006) A study on the characteristics of dietary behaviors and food intake patterns of university students according to the obesity index. Korean J Food & Nutr 19: 79-90.
  51. Park HS, Lee HO, Sung CJ (1997) Body image, eating problems and dietary intakes among female college students in urban area of Korea. Korean J Community Nutrition 2: 505-514.
  52. Park YS, Lee YW, Choi KS (1995) Objectivity of self-evaluated obesity and attitude toward weight control among college students. Korean J Dietary Culture 10: 367-375.
  53. Ryu HK, Yoon JS (2000) A comparative study of nutrient intakes health status with body size weight control experience in adolescent females. Korean J Community Nutrition 5: 444-451.
  54. Seymour M, Hoerr SL, Huang Y (1997) Inappropriate dieting behaviors and related lifestyle factors in young adults: Are college students different? J Nutr Edu 2: 21-26.
  55. Song YJ, Paik HY (2003) Effect of dietary, biochemical and other factors on bone mineral density change for 2 years in Korean college women. J Korean Nutrition 36: 175-182.
  56. Stice E, Shaw HE (2002) Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: a synthesis of research findings. Psychosom Res 53: 985-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
  57. Sullum J, Clark M, King TK (2000) Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population. J Am Coll Health 48: 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480009595693
  58. Wang Y, Liang H, Tussing L, Braunschweig C, Caballero B, Flay B (2007) Obesity and related risk factors among low socio-economic status minority students in Chicago. Public Health Nutr 10: 927-938.
  59. Yoo SJ (2004) The relationship of demographic factors, socioeconomic status, behavioral factors for obesity in sample of Korean adults. MS Thesis Yonsei University, Seoul. p 1-87.