References
- Bemeur, C., Ste-Marie, L., Desjardins, P., Vachon, L., Butterworth, R.F., Hazell, A.S., Montgomery, J. Dehydroascorbic acid normalizes several markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in acute hyperglycemic focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Neurochem Int. 46: 399-407, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2004.11.007
- Lee, J.C., Cho, G.S., Kim, H.J., Lim, J.H., Oh, Y.K., Nam, W., Chung, J.H., Kim, W.K. Accelerated cerebral ischemic injury by activated macrophages/microglia after lipopolysaccharide microinjection into rat corpus callosum. Glia 50: 168-181, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.20164
- Kim, Y., So, H.S., Youn, M.J., Kim, H.J., Woo, W.H., Shin, S.H., Lee, I., Moon, B.S., Cho, K.H., Park, R. Anti-inflammatory effect of Sasim extracts in PHA-stimulated THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CI patients. J Ethnopharmacol. 112(1):32-39, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.029
- Barone, F.C., Schmidt, D.B., Hillegass, L.M., Price, W.J., White, R.F., Feuerstein, G.Z., Clark, R.K., Lee, E.V., Griswold, D.E., Sarau, H.M. Reperfusion increases neutrophils and leukotriene B4 receptor binding in rat focal ischemia. Stroke 23: 1337-1347, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.23.9.1337
- Kochanek, P.M., Hallenbeck, J.M. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke 23: 1367-1379, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.23.9.1367
- Wang, P.Y., Kao, C.H., Mui, M.Y., Wang, S.J. Leukocyte infiltration in acute hemispheric ischemic stroke. Stroke 24: 236-240, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.24.2.236
- Garcia, J.H., Liu, K.F., Yoshida, Y., Chen, S., Lian, J. Brain microvessels: factors altering their patency after the occlusion of a middle cerebral artery (Wistar rat). Am J Pathol. 145: 728-740, 1994
- Lucas, S.M., Rothwell, N.J., Gibson, R.M. The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease. Br J Pharmacol. 1: S232-S240, 2006
- Kim, Y., So, H.S., Youn, M.J., Kim, E.S., Song, M.S., Chai, K.Y., Woo, W.H., Cho, K.H., Moon, B.S., Park, R. Anti-inflammatory effect of So-Pung-Tang, a Korean traditional prescription for cerebral infarction patients. J Ethnopharmacol. 114(3):425-431, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.041
- Castillo, J., Leira, R. Predictors of deteriorating cerebral infarct: role of inflammatory mechanisms. Would its early treatment be useful? Cerebrovasc Dis. 1: 40-48, 2001
- Nilupul, P.M., Ma, H.K., Arakawa, S., Howells, D.W., Markus, R., Rowe, C.C., Donnan, G.A. Inflammation following stroke. J Clin Neurosci. 13: 1-8, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2005.07.005
- Yamasaki, Y., Matsuo, Y., Zagorski, J., Matsuura, N., Onodera, H., Itoyama, Y., Kogure, K. New therapeutic possibility of blocking cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant on transient ischemic brain damage in rats. Brain Res. 759: 103-111, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00251-5
- Kariko, K., Weissman, D., Welsh, F.A. Inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling--a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 24: 1288-1304, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.WCB.0000145666.68576.71
- Nakamura, K., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, H., Iguro, Y., Yamada, K., Sakata, R. Relationship between cerebral injury and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cytokine 29: 95-104, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2004.10.002
- Gao, N., Yu, S., Xu, J. Improving effect of rhizoma Gastrodiae on learning and memory of senile rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 20(9):562-563, 1995
- Chang, Y.H., Kim, C., Jung, M., Lim, Y.H., Lee, S., Kang, S. Inhibition of melanogenesis by selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one isolated from Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba. Biol Pharm Bull. 30(4):719-723, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.719
-
Naval, M.V., G
$\'{e}$ mez-Serranillos, M.P., Carretero, M.E., Villar, A.M. Neuroprotective effect of a ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract on astrocytes primary culture. J Ethnopharmacol. 112(2):262-270, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.010 - Kim, E.H., Jang, M.H., Shin, M.C., Shin, M.S., Kim, C.J. rotective effect of aqueous extract of Ginseng radix against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 26(12):1668-1673, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1668
- Liou, C.J., Huang, W.C., Tseng, J. Long-term oral administration of ginseng extract modulates humoral immune response and spleen cell functions. Am J Chin Med. 33(4):651-661, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05003247
- Liou, C.J., Huang, W.C., Tseng, J. Short-term oral administration of ginseng extract induces type-1 cytokine production. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 28(2):227-240, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1080/08923970600816681
- Chang, H.K., Jang, M.H., Lim, B.V., Lee, T.H., Shin, M.C., Shin, M.S., Kim, H., Kim, Y.P., Kim, E.H., Kim, C.J. Administration of Ginseng radix decreases nitric oxide synthase expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Chin Med. 32(4):497-507, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X04002144
- Zhao, P., Su, G., Xiao, X., Hao, E., Zhu, X., Ren, J. Chinese medicinal herb Radix Astragali suppresses cardiac contractile dysfunction and inflammation in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. Toxicol Lett. Aug 20, 2008. [Epub ahead of print]
- Ryu, M., Kim, E.H., Chun, M., Kang, S., Shim, B., Yu, Y.B., Jeong, G., Lee, J.S. Astragali Radix elicits anti-inflammation via activation of MKP-1, concomitant with attenuation of p38 and Erk. J Ethnopharmacol. 115(2):184-193, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.027
- Huang, Y.T., Huang, D.M., Chueh, S.C., Teng, C.M., Guh, J.H. Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax nuclear translocation and apoptosis in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cancer Lett. 231(2):270-278, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.02.011
- Kim, H.J., Kong, M.K., Kim, Y.C. Beneficial effects of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMB Rep. 41(10):710-715, 2008 https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2008.41.10.710
- Stoll, G., Jander, S., Schroeter, M. Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions. Prog Neurobiol. 56: 149-171, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00034-3
- Zheng, Z., Yenari, M.A. Post-ischemic inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Neurol Res. 26: 884-892, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1179/016164104X2357
- Bevilacqua, M.P., Pober, J.S., Wheeler, M.E., Cotran, R.S., Gimbrone, M.A. Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Clin Invest. 76: 2003-2011, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112200
- Dihne, M., Block, F. Focal ischemia induces transient expression of IL-6 in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Brain Res. 889: 165-173, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03129-2
- Park, Y.G., Kang, S.K., Kim, W.J., Lee, Y.C., Kim, C.H. Effects of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-beta and IL-6 alone or in combination, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor on cyclooxygenase expression, prostaglandin E2 production and bone resorption in mouse calvarial bone cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36: 2270-2280, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.04.019
- Hosomi, N., Ban, C.R., Naya, T., Takahashi, T., Guo, P., Song, X.Y., Kohno, M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization reduced cerebral edema through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase production after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25: 959-967, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600086
- Dawson, D.A., Martin, D., Hallenbeck, J.M. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Neurosci Lett. 218: 41-44, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)13116-5
- Shohami, E., Bass, R., Wallach, D., Yamin, A., Gallily, R. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) activity in rat brain is associated with cerebroprotection after closed head injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 16: 378-384, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199605000-00004
- Loddick, S.A., Rothwell, N.J. Neuroprotective effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 16: 932-940, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199609000-00017
- Relton, J.K., Martin, D., Thompson, R.C., Russell, D.A. Peripheral administration of Interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist inhibits brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Exp Neurol. 138: 206-213, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.1996.0059
- Stroemer, R.P., Rothwell, N.J. Cortical protection by localized striatal injection of IL-1ra following cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 17: 597-604, 1997