DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Soil Ionization Behaviors under Impulse Currents

  • Lee, Bok-Hee (School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Park, Geon-Hun (School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Hoe-Gu (School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Kyu-Sun (School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University)
  • 발행 : 2009.03.01

초록

This paper presents the characteristics of soil ionization for different water contents, and the parameters associated with the dynamic properties of a simple model grounding system subject to lightning impulse currents. The laboratory experiments for this study were carried out based on factors affecting the soil resistivities. The soil resistivities are adjusted with water contents in the range from 2 to 8% by weight. A test cell with a spherical electrode buried in the middle of the hemispherical container was used. As a result, the electric field intensity $E_c$ initiating ionization is decreased with the reduction of soil resistivities. Also, as the water content increased, the pre-ionization resistance $R_1$ and the post-ionization resistance $R_2$ became lower with increasing current amplitude. The time-lag to ionization $t_1$ and the time-lag to the second current peak $t_2$ at high applied voltages were significantly shorter than those of low applied voltages. It was found that the soil ionization behaviors are highly dependent on the water content and the applied voltage amplitude.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. I. F. Genos, I.A. Stathopulos, 'Soil ionization under lightning impulse voltages', IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol.151, pp. 343-346, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20040667
  2. J. Wang, A. C. Liew, M. Darveniza, 'Extension of Dynamic Model of Impulse Behavior of Concentrated Grounds at High Currents', IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.30, No.3, pp.2160-2165, 2005
  3. P. Espel, R. R. Diaz, A. Bonamy, and J. N. Silva, 'Electrical Parameters Associated With Discharges in Resistive Soils', IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 1174-1182, July. 2004 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829139
  4. N. Mohamad Nor and A. Ramli, 'Effects of Moisture content, impulse polarity and earth electrode's dimension on dry and wet sand under high voltage conditions', Euro. Trans. Electr. Power, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, DOI; 10.1 002, 2007
  5. N. Mohamad Nor, S. Srisakot, H Griffiths, and A. Haddad, 'Characterization of Soil Ionization Under Fast Impulses', Proc. ICLP 2000, pp. 417-422, 2000
  6. P. Chowdhuri, 'lmpulse impedance tests on laboratory model ground electrodes', lEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib. Vol.150, No.4, pp.427-433, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20030500
  7. Abdul M. Mousa, 'The Soil Ionization Gradient Associated with Discharge of High Currents into Concentrated Electrodes', lEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.9, No.3, pp.1669-1677, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/61.311195
  8. R. Kosztaluk, M. Loboda, D. Mukhedkar. 'Experimental Study of Transient Ground Impedances', lEEE Trans. VoI. PAS-100, No. 11, pp.4653-4660, 1981
  9. N. Mohamad Nor, A. Haddad, and H Griffiths, 'Performance of Earthing Systems of Low Resistivity Soils', IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol.21 , No.4, pp. 2039-2047, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2006.874656
  10. N. A. Idris, H. Ahmad and M. N. Isa, 'Impulse Impedance Tests on Laboratory Model Earth Electrode', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference Proceedings, pp.157-161, 2005
  11. N. Mohamad Nor, A. Haddad, and H Griffiths, 'Determination of Threshold Electric Field Ec of Soil Under High Impulse Currents', IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.20, pp. 2108-2113, July. 2005 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2005.848761
  12. N. Mohamad Nor, A. Haddad, and H Griffiths, 'Characterization of Ionization Phenomena in Soils Under Fast Impulses,' IEEE Trans, Powεr Delivery, Vol.21, pp. 353-361, Jan. 2006 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852352
  13. Bok-Hee Lee, Seng-Chil Lee, 'The Major Fundamental Technics for Grounding Systems', 2nd ed, Uijae, 1999, pp.37-104
  14. KS C IEC 60060 Std, Part 1 - Guide on HighVoltage Testing Techniques, pp.23-26, 2002
  15. S. Sekioka. M. I. Lorentzou, M. P. Philppakou, and J. M. P rousalidis. 'Current -Dependent Grounding Resistance Model Based on Energy Balance of Soil Ionization', IEEE Trans. on Powεr Delivery, Vol.21, No.1, pp.194-201, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852337
  16. V. Cooray, M. Zitnik, M. Manyahi, R. Montano, M. Rahman, and Y. Liu, 'Physical model of surgecurrent characteristics of buried vertical rods in the presence of soil ionization', J. Electrostatics, VoI.60, pp.193-203, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2004.01.017

피인용 문헌

  1. Electrical breakdown of soil under nonlinear pulsed current spreading vol.48, pp.28, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/28/285201
  2. Electric breakdown during the pulsed current spreading in the sand vol.42, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X16030077
  3. A Basic Study on the Attachment Process of Lightning Leader to Ground vol.28, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2014.28.10.082
  4. Methodologies for determination of soil ionization gradient vol.70, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2012.07.003
  5. A Fundamental Study on the Impulse Responses of Ground Rod Attendant upon Soil Discharges vol.28, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2014.28.4.062
  6. Protective Effect of Shield Wires Against Direct Lightning Flashes to Buried Cables vol.33, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2746100