Sensory Evaluation and Bioavailability of Red Ginseng Extract(Rg1, Rb1) by Complexation with ${\gamma}$-Cyclodextrin

${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin으로 포접한 홍삼추출물의 관능평가 및 Rg1, Rb1의 생체이용율

In order to reduce the bitter taste and improve the bioavailability of red ginseng extract(RGE), inclusion complexes (RGE-CD) of the extract with ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}$-cyclodextrin were prepared and studied for their sensory quality and bioavailability compared to RGE. By complexation, the bitter taste-reducing efficacies of ${\alpha}$-CD and ${\beta}$-CD were much lower than that of ${\gamma}$-CD. In comparative sensory analysis for the bitter taste, RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10, prepared using 10%(w/w) of ${\gamma}$-CD, showed a score of 1.93(decreased by about 78%) compared to RGE as the control. In addition, in sensory analysis for flavor, RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10showed a score of 5.60. Upon increasing the amount of ${\gamma}$-CD to 15%(w/w) and 20%(w/w), respectively, the bitter taste of RGE-${\gamma}$-CD was removed and the flavor of RGE disappeared(scores of 2.67 and 1.67, respectively). Therefore RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10 was chosen as an optimum. The same dosages of RGE and RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10 were orally administered to SD(Sprague-Dawley) rats on a saponin basis, and the plasma concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were measured over time to estimate the average AUC(area under the plasma concentration versus time curve) of the ginsenosides. After the oral administration, there were no significant differences in the AUC values of the RGE and RGE-${\gamma}$-CD 10 groups for ginsenoside Rg1. However, AUC values for ginsenoside Rb1 were $25.8{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$ in the RGE group and $81.5{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$ in the RGE-${\gamma}$-CD 10 group, respectively. Therefore, the bioavailability of ginsenoside Rb1 in the RGE-${\gamma}$-CD 10 group was significantly higher by up to 315% compared with that in the RGE group(p = 0.0029). These results show that the bitter taste of RGE can be simultaneously removed by the complexation of RGE and ${\gamma}$-CD(RGE-${\gamma}$-CD) along with increased bioavailability.

홍삼추출물(RGE)의 쓴 맛을 개선하기 위해서 ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}$-CD을 이용해서 RGE의 포접화합물을 제조하여, 관능평가를 통해서 RGE-${\gamma}$-CD에 의한 쓴 맛 개선효과가 가장 큰 것을 확인하였다. RGE와 ${\gamma}$-CD의 비율에 따라서 쓴 맛은 선형적으로 감소하지만, RGE 고유의 향 조차도 감소하기 때문에, RGE 대비 10%의 ${\gamma}$-CD를 첨가하여 포접화합물을 형성할 때 쓴 맛은 RGE 대비 78% 정도 감소하였고, 홍삼의 향은 62% 정도를 유지함으로써 기호도면에서 우수한 결과를 얻었다. SD계 흰쥐에 RGE, RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10의 제제를 총 사포닌의 투여량이 제제간에 동일하도록 투여한 후, 혈장 중 RGE에 들어있는 주요한 성분으로 알려져 있는 ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1을 지표물질로 설정하여 전 농도를 측정하여 두 제제간의 AUC를 비교한 결과, Rg1의 경우, RGE 제제 투여 후의 평균값이 $13.11{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$, RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10 투여 후의 평균값은 $12.04{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편, Rb1의 경우, RGE 제제로서 투여하였을 때의 AUC 평균값이 $25.84{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$, RGE-${\gamma}$-CD10 투여 후의 평균값은 $81.48{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$로 3배 이상 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에 의해 ${\gamma}$-CD로 RGE를 포접했을 경우 쓴 맛이 감소하고, ginsenoside Rb1의 생체이용율이 증가하여 RGE를 그대로 섭취할 경우보다 포접화합물로 섭취 시에 더 유용함을 확인하였다.