Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회논문지)

Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회)
권호 표지

The Measurement and Estimation of the Lower Flash Points for tert-Pentanol + Propionic Acid and p-Xylene + Propionic Acid Systems Using Open-Cup Apparatus

개방식 장치를 이용한 tert-Pentanol + Propionic Acid 및 p-Xylene + Propionic Acid 계의 하부인화점 측정 및 예측

  • 하동명 (세명대학교 보건안전공학과) ;
  • 이성진 (세명대학교 임상병리학과)
  • Published : 2009.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The lower flash points for the tert-pentanol + propionic acid and p-xylene + propionic acid systems were measured by Tag open-cup apparatus. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law, the van Laar equation and the NRTL equation. The calculated values based on the van Laar and NRTL equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. It was concluded that the van Laar and NRTL equations were more effective than the Raoult' law at describing the activity coefficients for non-ideal solution such as the tert-pentanol + propionic acid and p-xylene + propionic acid systems. The predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the NRTL equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the van Laar equation.

본 연구에서는 tert-pentanol + propionic acid 및 p-xylene + propionic acid계의 하부인화점을 Tag 개방식장치(ASTM D1310-86)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험값은 Raoult의 법칙, van Laar 모델식과 NRTL 모델식에 의해 계산된 값들과 비교 되었다. 그 결과, van Laar 모델식과 NRTL 모델식에 의한 예측값이 Rauolt의 법칙에 의한 예측값 보다 실험값에 더욱 근접하였다. 이는 tert-pentanol + propionic acid 및 pxylene + propionic acid계와 같은 비이상 용액의 활동도 계수값을, van Laar 및 NRTL 모델식이 Raoult의 법칙보다 정확하게 계산하기 때문이다. 또한, NRTL 모델식의 실험값에 대한 모사성이 van Laar 모델식의 그것 보다 우수하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. D.A. Crowl and J.F. Louver, 'Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications', Prentice-Hall(1990)
  2. R.C. Lance, A.J. Barnard, and J.E. Hooymanm, 'Measurement of Flash Points: Apparatus, Methodology, Applications', J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol.3, pp.107-119(1979) https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(79)85008-6
  3. W.A. Affens and G.W. Mclaren, 'Flammability Properties of Hydrocarbon Solutions in Air', J. of Chem. Ind. Eng. Chem. & Eng. Data, Vol.17, No.4, pp.482-488(1972) https://doi.org/10.1021/je60055a040
  4. J. Gmehling and P. Rassmussen, 'Flash Points of Flammable Liquid Mixtures Using UNIFAC', Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol.21, No.2, pp.186-188 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1021/i100006a016
  5. D.M. Ha, Y.C. Choi, and S.J. Lee, 'The Lower Flash Point of the n-Butanol+n-Decane System', J. of Korean Institute of Fire & Eng., Vol.17, No.2, pp.50-55(2003)
  6. D.M. Ha, Y.C. Choi, J.G. Han, S.J. Lee, and S.K. Lee, 'Measurement and Estimation of the Lower Flash Points of Binary Systems Containing Nonflammable Component by Closed Cup Tester', Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Oceania Symposium of Fire Science and Technology, pp.394-399, Daegu, Korea(2004)
  7. M. Vidal, W.J. Rogers, J.C. Holste, and M.S. Mannan, 'A Review of Estimation Methods for Flash Points and Flammability Limits', Process Safety Propress, Vol.23, No.1, pp.47-55(2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.10004
  8. H.J. Liaw and Y.Y. Chiu, 'A General Model for Predicting the Flash Point of Miscible Mixtures', J. of Hazardous Material, Vol.137, pp.38-46(2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.078
  9. J.G. Walsham, 'Prediction of Flash Points for Solvent Mixtures', Advan. Chem. Ser. Publ. 73 Ser. 124, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp.56-59(1973) https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1973-0124.ch005
  10. W.H. Ellis, 'Solvent Flash Points -Expected and Unexpected-', J. of Coating Technology, Vol.48, pp.44-57(1976)
  11. D. White, et al., 'Flame Spread on Aviation Fuels', Fire Safety Journal, Vol.28, pp.1-31 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-7112(96)00070-7
  12. D.M. Ha, S.J. Lee, and Y.H. Song, 'Measurement and Prediction of the Flash Point for the Flammable Binary Mixtures using Tag Open-Cup Apparatus', Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol.43, No.1, pp.181-185 (2005)
  13. D.M. Ha and S.J. Lee, 'The Measurement and Prediction of the Flash Points for the Water + 2-Propanol System Open-Cup Apparatus', J. of Korean Institute of Fire & Eng., Vol.21, No.2, pp. 48-53(2007)
  14. C.R. Reid, J.M. Prausnitz, and P.E. Poling, 'The Properties of Gases and Liquids', 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York(1998)
  15. H. Le Chatelier, 'Estimation of Firedamp by Flammability Limits', Ann. Mines, Vol.19, p.388 (1891)
  16. J. Gmehing, U. Onken, and W. Arlt, 'Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection', 1, Part1-Part7, DECHEMA(1980)
  17. D.M. Ha and S.J. Lee, 'The Measurement and Estimation of Lower Flash Points for the n-Propanol + Acetic Acid and n-Propanol + n-Propionic acid Systems', J. of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol.22, No.4, pp.37-42(2007)