DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Apoptotic Effect of Rubia cordifolia Dichloromethane Extracts on Human Acute Jurkat T Cells

천초근 dichloromethane 추출물의 Jurkat T 세포에서 세포사멸 효과

  • Kim, Ji-Hye (Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Dong-eui University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Hwan (Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Ho (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Hyeon (Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Dong-eui University)
  • Published : 2009.02.28

Abstract

To understand cytotoxic activity of Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae), which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine, the mechanism underlying cytotoxic effect of its extract on human acute Jurkat T cells was investigated. The methanol extract of roots (3 kg) of R. codifolia was evaporated, dissolved in water, and then extracted by dichloromethane. The substances in the chloroform extract showing the most cytotoxic activity were further purified by a series of preparative HPLC. The extracted active substance (65 mg) was designated as CCH1. When Jurkat T cells were treated with CCH1 at concentration ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ${\mu}g$/ml, apoptotic phenomena of cells companying several subsequent biochemical reactions such as mitochondria cytochrome c release, activation of casapase-8, -9, and caspase- 3, degradation of PARP and DNA fragmentation occurred via mitochondria-dependent pathway. However, abrogation of apoptosis was observed in an ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, which is a suppressor for mitochondrial cytochrome c release. These results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of CCH1 against Jurkat T cells is attributable to apoptosis mediated by mitochodria-dependent death-signaling regulated by Bcl-xL. In addition, the CCH1 is more potent to leukemia Jurkat T cell than to human peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMC).

천초근은 전통적으로 동양의학에서 항암제로 사용되어왔는데 인간 급성 백혈병 세포주인 Jurkat T 세포를 사용하여 천초근의 세포독성기작을 알아보았다. 천초근 뿌리(3 kg)를 메탄올로 추출, 증류한 후 물에 녹여 다시 dichloromethane으로 추출분획 하였다. 세포독성 활성을 보이는 dichloromethane 추출물을 연속적으로 HPLC를 통해 분리하였고 그 활성물질(65 mg)을 CCH1이라 명명하였다. CCH1을 0.5 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 2.0 ${\mu}g$/ml의 농도로 처리하고 세포사멸 과정을 보았다. 즉, mitochondria cytochrome c 방출, casapase-8, -9 및 caspase-3의 활성화, PARP 분해, DNA 단편화 현상들이 일어나는 것을 관찰하였다. 하지만, mitochondria cytochrome c 방출 억제자인 Bcl-xL이 과발현되는 Jurkat T 세포에서는 세포사멸현상이 일어나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 CCH1이 mitochondria 의존적인 신호전달 과정을 통해서 세포사멸을 유도 한다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 CCH1에 의한 세포독성은 혈액에서 분리한 단핵구 세포보다 Jurkat T 세포에서 보다 강한 활성을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Antarkar, D. S., T. Chinwala, and N. Bhatt. 1983. Anti-inflammatory activity of Rubia codifolia Linn. in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 15, 185-188
  2. Ciapetti, G., E. Cenni, L. Pratelli, and A. Pizzoferrato. 1993. In vitro evaluation of cell/biomaterial interaction by MTT assay. Biomaterials 14, 359-364 https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(93)90055-7
  3. Chou, J. J., H. Li, G. S. Salvesen, J. Yuan, and G. Wagner. 1999. Solution structure of BID, an intracellular amplifier of apoptotic signaling. Cell 96, 615-624 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80572-3
  4. Itokawa, H. and Y. Yamomiya. 1992. New antitumor bicyclic hexapeptides RA-IX and RA-Z from R. cordifoliapart-3, conformation antitumor activity relationship. Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin transactions I 4, 455-459
  5. Jang, M. H., D. Y. Jun, S. W. Rue, K. H. Han, W. Park, and Y. H. Kim. 2002. Arginine antimetabolite L-canavanine induces apoptotic cell death in human Jurkat T cells via caspase-3 activation regulated by Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. BiochemicalBiophysical Research Communications 295, 283-288 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00650-2
  6. Joharapurkar, A. A., N. M. Deode, S. P. Zambad, and S. N. Umathe. 2003. Immunomodulatory activity of alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia Linn. Indian Drugs 40, 179-181
  7. Gale, J. S., A. A. Proulx, J. R. Gonder, A. J. Mao, and C. M. L. Hutnik. 2004. Comparison of the in vitro toxicity of indocyanine green to that of trypan blue in human retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures. American Journal of Ophthalmology 138, 65-69
  8. Kasture, V. S., V. K. Desmukh, and C. T. Chopde. 2000. Anticonvulsant and behavioral actions of triterpine isolated from Rubia cordifolia Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38, 675-680
  9. Kim, R. S., K. Tanabe, Y. Uchida, M. Emi, H. Inoue, and T. Toge. 2002. Current status of the molecular mechanisms of anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology 50, 343-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-002-0522-7
  10. Kim, Y. H., J. J. Proust, M. J. Uchholz, F. J. Chrest, and A. A. Nordin. 1992. Expression of the murine homologue of the cell cycle control protein p34 cdc2 in T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 149, 17-23 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.16.4618
  11. Kluck, R. M., E. Bossy-Wetzel, D. R. Green, and D. D. Newmeyer. 1997. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science 275, 1132-1136 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5303.1132
  12. Luo, X., J. Budihardjo, H. Zou, C. Slaughter, and X. Wang. 1998. BID, a Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. Nature 348, 334-336 https://doi.org/10.1038/348334a0
  13. Manohar, K., M. K. Adwankar, and M. P. Chitnis. 1982. In vivo anticancer activity of RC-80, a plant isolate from Rubia cordifolia Linn. against a spectrum of experimental tumor models. Chemotherapy 28, 291-293 https://doi.org/10.1159/000238092
  14. McDonnell, J. M., D. Fushman, C. L. Milliman, S. J. Korsmeyer, and D. Cowburn. 1999. Solution structure of the proapoptotic molecule BID: a structural basis for apoptotic agonists and antagonists. Cell 96, 625-634 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80573-5
  15. Park, C. N., H. S. So, C. H. Shin, S. H. Baek, B. S. Moon, S. H. Shin, H. S. Lee, D. W. Lee, and B. K. Park. 2003. Quercetin protects the hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via inhibition ofmitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 66, 1287-1295 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00478-7
  16. Perkins, C. L., G. Fang, C. N. Kim, and K. N. Bhalla. 2000. The role of Apaf-1, caspase-9 and BID proteins in etoposideor paclitaxel-induced mitochondrial events during apoptosis. Cancer Research 60, 1645-1653
  17. Slee, E. A., H. Zhu, S. C. Chow, M. MacFarlane, D. W. Nicholson, and G. M. Cohen. 1996. Benzyloxycarbonyl- Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk) inhibits apoptosis by blocking the processing CPP32. Biochemical Journal 315, 21-24
  18. Yang, J., X. Liu, K. Bhalla, C. N. Kim, A. M. Ibrado, J. Cai, T. I. Peng, D. P. Jones, and X. Wang. 1997. Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science 275, 1129-1132 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5303.1129