참고문헌
- Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;58(11):1685-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
- Shibata S. Chemistry cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds. J Korean Med Sci. 2001;16(Suppl):S28-37. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S28
- Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Harada K, Kashimoto T, Miyate Y, Kakizaki A, Takahashi E. Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999;369(1):23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00043-6
- Chen LW, Wang YQ, Wei LC, Shi M, Chan YS. Chinese herbs and herbal extracts for neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and potential therapeutic treatment of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2007;6(4):273-81. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152707781387288
- Rausch WD, Liu S, Gille G, Radad K. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2006;66(4):369-75.
- Zhou W, Chai H, Lin PH, Lumsden AB, Yao Q, Chen CJ. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of ginseng root for cardiovascular disease. Med Sci Monit. 2004;10(8):RA187-92.
- Kaneko H, Nakanishi K. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, Korean red ginseng: specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004;95(2):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FMJ04001X5
- 신길구. 申氏本草學. 서울:수문사. 1982:2-8.
- 신천호. 問答式本草學. 서울:영신문화사. 1992:343-4.
- 조대연. 동의보감에 수록된 인삼이 주약으로 배오된 방제의 활용범위, 병증, 주치, 병리 및 구성내용 조사. 원광대학교 대학원. 석사학위논문. 2002.
- Bhatia M. Apoptosis versus necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004;286(2):G189-96. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00304.2003
- Miles AN, Knuckey NW. Apoptotic neuronal death following cerebral ischaemia. J Clin Neurosci. 1998;5(2):125-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-5868(98)90027-3
- Yap E, Tan WL, Ng I, Ng YK. Combinatorial-approached neuroprotection using pan-caspase inhibitor and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor following experimental stroke in rats; is there additional benefit? Brain Res. 2008;1195:130-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.024
- Renolleau S, Fau S, Goyenvalle C, Joly LM, Chauvier D, Jacotot E, Mariani J, Charriaut-Marlangue C. Specific caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh prevents neonatal strokein P7 rat: a role for gender. J Neurochem. 2007;100(4):1062-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04269.x
- Zinkel S, Gross A, Yang E. BCL2 family in DNA damage and cell cycle control. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(8):1351-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401987
- Yang L, TaoL Y, Chen XP. Roles of NF-kB in central nervous system damage and repair. Neurosci Bull. 2007;23(5):307-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-007-0046-6
- Marone R, Cmiljanovic V, Giese B, Wymann MP. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: moving towards therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1784(1):159-85.
- Del Peso L, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Page C, Herrera R, Nunez G.Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science. 1997;278(5883):687-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5338.687
- Kim YM, Chung HT, Kim SS, Han JA, Yoo YM, Kim KM, Lee GH, Yun HY, Green A, Li J, Simmons RL, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide protects PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis by cGMP-dependent inhibition of caspase signaling. J Neurosci. 1999;19(16):6740-7.
- Lee SJ, Kim KM, Namkoong S, Kim CK, Kang YC, Lee H, Ha KS, Han JA, Chung HT, Kwon YG, Kim YM. Nitric oxide inhibition of homocysteine-induced human endothelial cell apoptosis by down-regulation of p53-dependent Nox aexpression through the formation of S-nitrosohomocysteine. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(7):5781-8. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411224200
- Kim YM, Kim TH, Seol DW, Talanian RV, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide suppression of apoptosis occurs in association with an inhibition of Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome crelease. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(47):31437-41. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.47.31437
- Zimmermann KC, Green DR. How cells die: apoptosis pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:S99-103. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.117819
- Casciola-Rosen L, Nicholson DW, Chong T, Rowan KR, Thornberry NA, Miller DK, Rosen A. Apopain/CPP32 cleaves proteins that are essential for cellular repair: a fundamental principle of apoptotic death. J Exp Med. 1996;183(5):1957-64. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.5.1957
- Xia Z, Dickens M, Raingeaud J, Davis RJ, Greenberg ME. Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science. 1995;270(5240):1326-31. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5240.1326
- Schonhoff CM, Bulseco DA, Brancho DM, Parada LF, Ross AH. The Ras-ERK pathway is required for the induction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in differentiating PC12 cells. J Neurochem. 2001;78(3):631-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00432.x
- Ha KS, Kim KM, Kwon YG, Bai SK, Nam WD, Yoo YM, Kim PK, Chung HT, Billiar TR, Kim YM. Nitric oxide prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through cGMP-dependent PI3 kinase/Akt activation. FASEBJ. 2003;17(9):1036-47. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0738com
- Cheng Y, Shen LH, Zhang JT. Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(2):143-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00034.x
- Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, Kim SI, Yun HY. Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer and identification of active compounds. J Korean Med Sci. 2001;16(Suppl) :S6-18. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S6
- Thorburn A. Death receptor-induced cell killing. Cell Signal. 2004;16(2):139-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2003.08.007