DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

피부질환 원인균에 대한 자몽종자추출물과 법제유황수의 항균 효과

Anti-microbial Activity of Grapefruit Seed Extract and Processed Sulfur Solution against Human Skin Pathogens

  • Ha, Yu-Mi (IRIS Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Silla University) ;
  • Lee, Bo-Bae (IRIS Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Silla University) ;
  • Bae, Hee-Jung (IRIS Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Silla University) ;
  • Je, Kyoung-Mo (WellbuyKorea Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Soon-Rae (WellbuyKorea Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Choi, Jae-Suk (IRIS Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Silla University) ;
  • Choi, In-Soon (IRIS Center, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Silla University)
  • 발행 : 2009.01.30

초록

GSE와 PSS를 이용한 피부 외용제를 개발하기 위해, 평판 배지확산법 및 액체배지감수성실험을 이용하여 GSE와 PSS의 비듬균(Malassezia furjur, M. restricta), 여드름균(Propionibacterium acnes) 및 무좀균(Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum)에 대한 항균 활성을 측정하였다. 평판 배지확산법의 경우 GSE가 $10{\mu}l/disk$일 때 M. furfur, M. restricta. P. acnes, T. mentagrophytes 및 T. rubrum은 각각 1.0, 1.0, 12.0, 15.0, 15.0 mm 였으며, PSS가 $10{\mu}l/disk$일 때에는 각각 7.3, 5.7, 2.0, 0 mm 이었다. 또한 액체배지감수성실험에서 GSE에 대한 MIC 값은 각각 3.91, 3.91, 0.004, 0.024, $0.012{\mu}l/ml$ 이었으며 PSS에 대한 MIC 값은 각각 0.03, 0.03, 0.156, 0.003, $0.012{\mu}l/ml$이었다. 또한 GSE 와 PSS가 함유된 에멀전 시제품을 제조하여 농도별 평판배지확산법을 수행한 결과 그 결과 값은 0.5% 농도에서 각각 5.2, 4.3, 8.0, 9.5, 12.8 mm의 값을 나타내었다. GSE 와 PSS가 실험 대상 균주에 대하여 모두 항균력을 가지고 있었으며 비듬균인 M. furfur와 M. restricta는 GSE 보다는 PSS에서 더 강한 항균력을 보였으며 여드름균인 P. acnes와 무좀균인 T. mentagrophytese 및 T. rubrum은 PSS 보다는 GSE에서 더 강한 항균 활성을 보였다. 그러므로 GSE와 PSS의 각각에 효과적인 균주별 피부질환 외용제 뿐만 아니라 GSE와 PSS를 함께 적용한 광범위한 피부질환 외용제의 응용개발이 가능하리라 사료된다. 또한 에멀전 로션 시제품의 물리화학적 특성을 분석한 결과 pH, 점도, 굴절 및 색도 변화에 있어서 모두 안정성을 보였고 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 기능성 화장품과 같은 피부 외용제 제품의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial effects of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) and processed sulfur solution (PSS) against human skin pathogens: Malassezia furfur, M. restricta, Propionibacterium arnes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The antimicrobial effects of GSE and PSS were tested by agar diffusion method and micro broth dilution method. As the results, the MIC values of GSE against M. furfur, M. restricta, P. acnes, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were 3.91, 3.91, 0.004, 0.024, and $0.012{\mu}l/ml$, respectively. The MIC values of PSS were 0.03, 0.03, 0.156, 0.003, and $0.012{\mu}l/ml$, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of skin care emulsion products containing 0.5% GSE and 0.5% PSS against human skin pathogens were 5.2, 4.3, 8.0, 9.5 and 12.8 mm, respectively. Refractive index, pH, viscosity and color value of skin care emulsions containing GSE and PSS were measured. According to these results, it was concluded that the GSE and PSS were the promising sources of antibacterial agent which could be useful for skin and hair care products as well as for the alternative medicine development in treatment of certain types of skin ailments.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bae, K. H., S. H. Noh and H. S. Moon. 2002. A study on the halitosis reduction by dentifrice containing triclosan, GFSE, eucalyptus oil and flavonoid. J. Korean Acad. Dent. Health 26, 251-257
  2. Block, E. 1986. The art and science. In folk medicine. pp. 125-137, Steiner, R. P. (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washinton, DC
  3. Block, E. 1992. The organosulfur chemistry of the genus allium-Implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Angew. Chem. Int. Fd. Engi. 31, 1135-1178 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199211351
  4. Cetkovska, P. and K. Pizinger. 2006. Coexisting subacute and systemic lupus erythematosus after terbinafine administration: successful treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. Int. J. Dermatol. 45, 320-322 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02472.x
  5. Choi, J. D., I. W. Seo and S. H. Cho. 1990. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed extract. Bull. Korean Fish Soc. 23, 297-302
  6. Choi, K. H. and C. H. Kim. 2002. Growth inhibition of extract from sulfur fed duck carcass against various cancer cell lines. Korean J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 22, 348-351
  7. Cho, J. H., B. J. Min, O. S. Kwon, K. S. Shon, Y. G. Jin, H. J. Kim and I. H. Kim. 2005. Effects of MSM (Methyl sulfonyl methane) supplementation on growth performance and digestibility of Ca and N in pigs. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34, 361-365 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.3.361
  8. Cho, S. H., I. W. Seo, J. D. Choi and I. S. Joo. 1990. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of grapefruit and seed extract on fishery products. Bull. Korean Fish Soc. 23, 289-296
  9. Chomnawang, M. T., S. Surassmo, V. S. Nukoolkarn and W. Gritsanapan. 2005. Antimicrobial effects of Thai medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 101, 330-333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.038
  10. Favre, B., B. Hofbauer, K. S. Hildering and N. S. Ryder. 2003. Comparison of in vitro activities of 17 antifungal drugs against a panel of 20 dermatophytes by using a microdilution assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 4817-4819 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.10.4817-4819.2003
  11. Filoche, S. K., K. Soma and C. H. Sissons. 2005. Antimcrobial effects of essential oils in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 20, 221-225 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00216.x
  12. Gemmer, C. M., Y. M. DeAngelis, B. Theelen, T. Boekhout and T. L. Dawson. 2002. Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 3350-3357 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.9.3350-3357.2002
  13. Gupta, A. K., Y. Kohli, A. Li, J. Faergemann and R. C. Summerbell. 2000. In vitro susceptibility of the seven Malassezia species to ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine. Br. J. Dermatol. 142, 758-765 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03294.x
  14. Heggers, J. P., J. Cottingham, J. Gusman, L. Reagor, L. McCoy, E. Carino, R. Cox and J. G. Zhao. 2002. The effectiveness of processed grapefruit-seed extract as an antibacterial agent: II. Mechanism of action and In Vitro toxicity. J. Altern. Complement Med. 8, 333-340 https://doi.org/10.1089/10755530260128023
  15. Jang, Y. I. and T. R. Song. 2007. Sulphur solution containing sulphur and method for manufacturing the same. Korea patent 10-2007-0000628
  16. Jin, M. S., Y. J. Yu, B. G. Choe, H. Y. Lee, M. J. Kim, H. J. No, J. S. Park, G. S. Jo, J. G. Kim and S. H. Choe. 2003. Antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of chewing gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol. J. Korean Acad. Periodontol. 33, 485-497 https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2003.33.3.485
  17. Jo, J. H., H. S. Jang, H. C. Ko, M. B. Kim, C. K. Oh, Y. W. Kwon and K. S. Kwon. 2005. Pustular psoriasis and the Kobner phenomenon caused by allergic contact dermatitis from zinc pyrithione-containing shampoo. Contac Dermatitis 52, 142-144 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00528.x
  18. Jung, S. J. and H. Y. Kim. 2000. Process for purifying sulfur usable for Health care. Korea patent 10-2000-0018316
  19. Kang, D. H., S. S. Chun, D. H. Chung and S. H. Cho. 1994. Antimicrobial effect of grapefruit seed extract on vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the southern adjacent sea of korea. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 9, 141-149
  20. Kim, C. H. 2002. Anticancer effect of extracts from sulfur fed duck carcass against various cancer cell lines. Korea patent 10-2002-0051999
  21. Kim, J. B., H. S. Moon, D. I. Paik, D. Y. Park, S. H. Jung and K. H. Bae. 1998. Effects of mouth spray containing GSE, tea extract & UDCA on antimicrobial effect of Streptococcus mutans, reducing of oral malodor and reduction of gingivitis. J. Korean Acad. Dent. Health 22, 37-46
  22. Kim, S. H. and Y. B. Seo. 1996. Effect of processed sulphur on experimental bone disease. Korean J. Oriental Medical Pathology 10, 79-87
  23. Korea Food & Drug Administration. 2007. Cosmetic standard and experimental method. No. 2007-45
  24. Kumar, M. and J. S. Berwal. 1998. Sensitivity of food pathogens to garlic (Allium sativum). J. Appl. Microbiol. 84, 213-215 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00327.x
  25. Lee, J. S. 2005. Method of manufacturing process of food additives usingeliminated noxious ingredient hydrargyrum and sulfur. Korea patent 10-2005-0017093
  26. Lee, S. G. 2003. Antimicrobial effect of Bamboo (Phyllosrachys bambusoides) essential oil on Trichophyton and Pityrosporum. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 18, 113-117
  27. Leeming, J. P., J. E. Sansom and J. L. Burton. 1997. Susceptibility of Malassezia furfur subgroups to terbinafine. Br. J. Dermatol. 137, 764-767 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01115.x
  28. Marples, R. R. 1974. The microflora of the face and acne lesions. J. Invest. Dermatol. 62, 326-331 https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12724285
  29. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2003. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved Standards-8th eds., Vol. 23, NCCLS Document M2-A8. Pennsylvania
  30. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2004. Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria; Approved Standard-6th eds., Vol. 24, NCCLS Document M11-A6. Pennsylvania
  31. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Reference methods for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved Standard-2nd eds., Vol.22, NCCLS Document M27-A2. Pennsylvania
  32. Nielsen, N. H. and T. Menne. 1997. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by zinc pyrithione associated with pustular psoriasis. Am. J. Contact Dermat. 8, 170-171 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1046-199X(97)90100-7
  33. Pierard, G. E., J. E. Arrese, C. Pierard-Franchimont and P. de Doncker. 1997. Prolonged effects of antidandruff shampoos-time to recurrence of Malassezia ovalis colonization of skin. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 19, 111-117 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00174.x
  34. Ross, J. I., A. M. Snelling, E. Carnegie, P. Coates, W. J. Cunliffe, V. Bettoli, G. Tosti, A. Katsambas, J. I. Galvan Perez Del Pulgar, O. Rollman, L. Torok, E. A. Eady and J. H. Cove. 2003. Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe. Br. J. Dermatol. 148, 467-478 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x
  35. Roverts, S. B. 1969. Pityrosporum orbiculare incidence and distribution in clinically normal skin. Br. J. Dermatol. 81, 264-269 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13978.x
  36. Song, I. S., D. H. Youn and S. Y. Hwa., 2007. Effect of oral administration of processed sulphur on hepatotoxicity. Korean J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology 21, 898-906
  37. Sugita, T., M. Tajima, T. Ito, M. Saito, R. Tsuboi and A. Nishikawa. 2005. Antifungal activities of tacrolimus and azole agents against the eleven currently accepted Malassezia species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 2824-2829 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.6.2824-2829.2005
  38. Takahashi, T., R. Kokubo and M. Sakaino. 2004. Antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids from Eucalyptus maculata. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39, 60-64 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01538.x
  39. Youm, J. L. 2000. Inhibitor contained sulfur for a lawn-disease. Korea patent 10-2000-0075780
  40. White, T., K. Marr and R. Bowden. 1998. Clinical, cellular and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 382-402

피인용 문헌

  1. A Study on the Development of Cosmetic Materials Using Unripe Peaches Seed Extracts vol.41, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.1.110
  2. Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Water- and Ethanol-Extracts from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Punica granatum and Rhus javanica vol.28, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2013.28.3.45
  3. Antibacterial Effect of Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE) on Makgeolli-Brewing Microorganisms and Its Application in the Preservation of Fresh Makgeolli vol.79, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12469
  4. Physiological Activity of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extracts as a Cosmetic Product vol.15, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2016.0084
  5. Seed-surface disinfection and germination effects of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on Lactuca sativa seeds vol.9, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-017-0318-0
  6. The effect of Coptidis rhizoma, Chinese Galls and Phytoncide in Malassezia furfur vol.25, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.7.748
  7. Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Stability of Orixa japonica Thunb. Leaf Extract vol.46, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.1.39
  8. Fish Safety and Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Sulfur Solution on Aquatic Microorganisms (Saprolegnia parasitica) Isolated from Misgurnus mizolepis vol.35, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2017.35.2.116