참고문헌
- American Collage of Sport Medicine. 2000. ACSM guidelines for exercise testing and prescriptions. 6th eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williarms and Wilkins
- American Heart Association. 1975. Exercise testing and training of individuals with heart disease or at high risk for its development: A hand book for physicians. Dallas
- Bacci, S., M. Villella, A. Villella, T. Langialonga, M. Grilli, A. Rauseo, S. Mastroianno, S. De Cosmo, R. Fanelli and V. Trischitta. 2002. Screening for silent myocardial ischaemia in type 2 diabetic patients with additional atherogenic risk factors: applicability and accuracy of the exercise stress test. European journal of endocrinology 147, 649-654 https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1470649
- Bazett, H. C. 1920. An analysis of the time relations of electrocardiograms. Heart. 7, 353-367
- Borg, G. 1982. Psychophysical base of perceived exertion. Journal of science and medicine in sport 14, 377-381
- Bruce, R. A., F. Kusumi and D. Hosmer. 1973. Maximal oxygen intake and monographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease. American heart journal 85, 546-562 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(73)90502-4
- Bruce, R. A., K. F. Hossack, T. A. DeRouen and V. Hofer. 1983. Enhanced risk assessment for primary coronary heart disease events by maximal exercise testing: 10 years' experience of Seattle Heart Watch. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2, 565-573 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(83)80286-1
- Chahine, R. A., M. H. Lowery and E. J. Bauerlein. 1993. Interpretation of the exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. The American journal of cardiology 72, 100-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)90227-4
- Chambers, J. B., M. J. Sampson, D. C. Sprigings and G. Jackson. 1990. QT prolongation on the electrocardiogram in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetic medicine 7, 105-110 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01342.x
- Dekker, J. M., E. J. Feskens, E. G. Schouten, P. Klootwijk, J. Pool and D. Kromhout. 1996. QTc duration is associated with levels of insulin and glucose intolerance. Diabetes 45, 376-380 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.45.3.376
- Ehsani, A. A., G. W. Heath, J. M. Hagberg, B. E. Sobel and J. O. Holloszy. 1981. Effects of 12 months of intense exercise training on ischemic ST-segment depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 64, 1116-1124 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80613-X
- El-Atat, F. A., S. I. McFarlane, J. R. Sowers and J. T. Bigger. 2004. Sudden cardiac death in patients with diabetes. Current diabetes reports 4, 187-193 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-004-0022-8
- Elming, H., E. Holm, L, Jun, C. Torp-Pedersen, L. Kober, M. Kircshoff, M. Malik and J. Camm. 1998. The prognostic value of the QT interval and QT interval dispersion in all-cause and cardiac mortality and morbidity in a population of Danish citizens. European heart journal 19, 1391-1400 https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1998.1094
- Ewing, D. J., O. Boland, J. M. Neilson, C. G. Cho and B. F. Clarke. 1991. Autonomic neuropathy, QT interval lengthening, and unexpected deaths in male diabetic patients. Diabetologia 34, 182-185 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418273
- Fleg, J. L., G. Gerstenblith, A. B. Zonderman, L. C. Becker, M. L. Weisfeldt, P. T. Costa Jr and E. G. Lakatta. 1990. Prevalence and prognostic significance of exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia detected by thallium scintigraphy and electrocardiography in asymptomatic volunteers. Circulation 81, 428-436 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.81.2.428
- Foster, D. W., A. S. Fauci, E. Braunwald and K. Z. Isselbacher. 1998. Harrison's principles of international Medicine, pp. 2076-2077, McGraw Hill Co., USA
- Hung, M. J., M. Y. Hung, C. W. Cheng, Yang, N. I and W. J. Cherng. 2006. Clinical characteristics of patients with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation without prior myocardial infarction. Circulation journal 270, 254-261 https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0b013e32832b34c1
- Jorgensen, C. R., F. L. Gobel, H. L. Taylor and Y. Wang. 1977. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during exercise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 301, 213-223 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38200.x
- Kahn, J. K., J. C. Sisson and A. I. Vinik. 1987. QT interval prolongation and sudden cardiac death in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 64, 751-754 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-64-4-751
- Kurl, S., J. A. Laukkanen, T. P. Tuomainen, R. Rauramaa, T. A. Lakka, R. Salonen, J. Eranen, J. Sivenius and J. T. Salonen. 2003. Association of exercise-induced, silent ST-segment depression with the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in men. Stroke 34, 1760-1765 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000078564.46376.0A
- Lachterman, B., K. G. Lehmann, D, Abrahamson and V. F. Froelicher. 1990. 'Recovery only' ST-segment depression and the predictive accuracy of the exercise test. Annals of internal medicine 112, 11-16 https://doi.org/10.1059/0003-4819-112-1
- Lanza, G. A., M. Mustilli, A. Sestito, F. Infusino, G. A. Sgueglia and F. Crea. 2007. Diagnostic and prognostic value of ST segment depression limited to the recovery phase of exercise stress test. Heart 920. 1417-1421
- Matthews, D. R., J. P. Hosker, A. S. Rudenski, B. A. Naylor, D. F. Treacher and R. C. Turner. 1985. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28, 412-419 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
- Marfella, R., F. Nappo, L. De Angelis, M. Siniscalchi, F. Rossi and D. Giugliano. 2000. The effect of acute hyperglycaemia on QTc duration in healthy man. Diabetologia 43, 571-575 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051345
- Molon, G., G. Targher, A. Costa, L. Bertolini, E. Barbieri and L. Zenari. 2006. Measurement of microvolt T-wave alternans, a new arrhythmic risk stratification test, in Type 2 diabetic patients without clinical cardiovascular disease. Diabetic medicine 23, 207-210
- Morris, C. K., K. Morrow, V. F. Froelicher, A. Hideg, D. Hunter, T. Kawaguchi, P. M. Ribisl, K. Ueshima and J. Wallis. 1993. Prediction of cardiovascular death by means of clinical and exercise test variables in patients selected for cardiac catheterization. American heart journal 125, 1717-1726 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(93)90764-Z
- Nesto, R. W. 2004. Correlation between cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus: current concepts. The American journal of medicine 116, 11S-22S
- Matthews, D. R., J. P. Hosker, A. S. Rudenski, B. A. Naylor, D. F. Treacher and R. C. Turner. 1985. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28, 412-149 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
- Pourmoghaddas, A. and A. Hekmatnia. 2007. The relationship between QTc interval and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 249, 125-128 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024790823309
- Ryden, L., E. Standl, M. Bartnik, G. Van den Berghe, J. Betteridge, M. J. de Boer and F. Cosentino. 2007. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary. The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). European heart journal 28, 88-136 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl260
- Rywik, T. M., R. C. Zink, N. S. Gittings, A. A. Khan, J. G. Wright, F. C. O'Connor and J. L. Fleg. 1998. Independent prognostic significance of ischemic ST-segment response limited to recovery from treadmill exercise in asymptomatic subjects. Circulation 97, 2117-2122 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.97.21.2117
- Soto, J. R., D. D. Watson and G. A. Beller. 2001. Incidence and significance of ischemic ST-segment depression occurring solely during recovery after exercise testing. The American journal of cardiology 88, 670-672 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01812-4
- Veglio, M., M. Borra, L. K. Stevens, J. H. Fuller and P. C. Perin. 1999. The relation between QTc interval prolongation and diabetic complications. Diabetologia 42, 68-75 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051115
- Weiner, D. A., T. J. Ryan, L. Parsons, L. D. Fisher, B. R. Chaitman, L. T. Sheffield and F. E. Tristani. 1991. Significance of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing in patients with diabetes mellitus: a report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. The American journal of cardiology 68, 729-734 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90644-Z
- Zola, B., J. K. Kahn, J. E. Juni and A. I. Vinik. 1986. Abnormal cardiac function in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy in the absence of ischemic heart disease. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism 63, 208-214 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-63-1-208