References
- Alpert MA, Hashimi MW. 1993. Obesity and heart. Am J Med Sci 306: 117-123 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199308000-00011
- Sjostrom CD, Lissner L, Sjostrom L. 1997. Relationships between changes in body composition and changes in cardiovascular risk factors: the SOS intervention study. Obese Res 5: 519-530 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00572.x
- Felber JP, Golay A. 2002. Pathways from obesity to diabetes. Int J Obes Rela Metab Disord 26: S39-S45 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802126
- Virtanen KA, Iozzo P, Hallsten K, Huupponen R, Parkkola R, Janatuinen T, Lonnqvist F, Viljanen T, Ronnemaa T, Lonnroth P, Knuuti J, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. 2005. Increased fat mass compensates for insulin resistance in abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes: a positron-emitting tomography study. Diabetes 54: 2720-2726 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2720
- Schapira DV, Clark RA, Wolff PA, Jarrett AR, Kumar NB, Aziz NM. 1994. Visceral obesity and breast cancer risk. Cancer 74: 632-639 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19940715)74:2<632::AID-CNCR2820740215>3.0.CO;2-T
- Van der Ploeg LH. 2000. Obesity: an epidemic in need of therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 4: 452-460 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00114-9
- Pittler MH, Emst E. 2004. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 529-536
- Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. 2005. Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. Obse Rev 6: 93-111 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00169.x
- Kang MK, Oh JW, Lee HK, Chung HS, Lee SM, Kim CS, Lee HJ, Yoon DW, Choi H, Kim HY, Shin MK, Hong MC, Bae HS. 2004. Anti-obesity effect of PM-F2-OB, an anti-obesity herbal formulation, on rats fed a high-fat diet. Biol Pharm Bull 27: 1251-1256 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1251
- Heber D. 2003. Herbal preparations for obesity: Are they useful? Prim. Care 30: 441-463 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4543(03)00015-0
- Choi HJ, Eo HK, Park KC, Jin MR, Park EJ, Kim SH, Park JE, Kim SY. 2007. A water-soluble extract from Cucurbita moschata shows anti-obesity effects by controlling lipid metabolism in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 359: 419-425 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.107
- Chae MH, No JG, Jhon DY. 2006. Effect of high fat diet containing Hangbisan on the body weight and blood lipid composition in the rats. J Kor Soc Nutr 35: 416-421 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.4.416
- Chao JCJ, Chiang SW, Wang CC, Tsai YH, Wu MS. 2006. Hot-water extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 12: 4478-4484 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i28.4478
- Kwak CS, Lim SJ, Kim SA, Park SC, Lee MS. 2004. Antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of Korean buckwheat, sorghum, millet and job's tears. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33: 921-929 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.6.921
- Park SA, Choi MS, Kim MJ, Jung UJ, Kim HJ, Park KK, Noh HJ, Park HM, Park YB, Lee JS, Lee MK. 2006. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action of Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaves water extract in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. J Ethnopharmacol 107: 412- 417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.034
- Lee SE, Ju EM, Kim JH. 2002. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Eurya leferox seed. Exp Mol Med 34: 100- 106 https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2002.15
- Wang W, Zhao Y, Rayburn ER, Hill DL, Wang H, Zhang R. 2007. In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure-activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 59: 589- 601 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-006-0300-z
- Krau N, Reifen R, Kerem Z. 2007. Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. J Agric Food Chem 55: 2824-2828 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0628025
- Konno C, Suzuki Y, Munakata E, Hikino H. 1985. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of atractans A, B and C, glycans of Atractylodes japonica rhizomes. Planta Med 51: 102-103 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969418
- Liu B, Liu WS, Han BQ, Sun YY. 2007. Antidiabetic effects of chitooligosaccharides on pancreatic islet cells in strepozotocin-induced diabetic rats. World J Gastroenterol 13: 725-731 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i5.725
- Miura T, Usami M, Tsuura Y, Ishida H, Seino Y. 1995. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of chitosan in normal and neonatal streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Biol Pharm Bull 18: 1623-1625 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1623
- Ausar SF, Morcillo M, Leon AE, Ribotta PD, Masih R, Vilaro Mainero M, Amigone JL, Rubin G, Lescano C, Castagna LF, Beltramo DM, Diaz G, Bianco ID. 2003. Improvement of HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels in diabetic subjects by feeding bread containing chitosan. J Med Food 6: 397-399 https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003772519985
- Santhosh S, Sini TK, Anandan R, Mathew PT. 2006. Effect of chitosan supplementation on antitubercular drugs-induced heaptotoxicity in rats. Toxicol 219: 53-59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.11.001
- Anandan R, Nair PG, Mathew S. 2004. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of chitin and chitosan on mucosal antioxidant defence system in HCl-ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 56: 265-269 https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357023079
- Kim HS, Chung JS. 2001. Effects of dietary zinc and iron levels on serum trace minerals and obesity index in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Korean J Food Sci Nutr 30: 325-330
- Duduc PU. 1981. Non-essential role of dietary factors in the development of diabetes in ob/ob mice. J Nutr 111: 1742-1748
- Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502
- Lim MJ. 2000. Effects of 8 week-exercise on fat distribution, cardio-vascular fitness, lipid profiles and plasma homocysteine concentration in eldery obese women. J Korean Soc Study Obes 9: 237-245
- Koo BJ. 2006. Pharmacotherapy for obesity. The 19th Annual Spring Meeting of Korean Clinical Diabetes. p 255-258
- Halford JCG. 2006. Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Appetite 46: 6-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2005.07.010
- Goldstein DJ. 1992. Benefical health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obesity 16: 397-415
- Park SJ, Kang MH. 2003. The effect of dietary nuddle with glucomannan on the weight loss in high fat diet induced obese rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 893-898 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.893
- Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte D Jr, Schwarts MW. 1998. Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. Science 280: 1378-1383 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5368.1378
- Grundy S. 1998. Multifactorial causation of obesity: implication for intervention. Am J Clin Nutr Suppl 67: 563S-572S
- Saltiel AR. 2001. You are what you secrete. Nat Med 7: 887-888 https://doi.org/10.1038/90911
- Leonhardt M, Hrupka B, Langhans W. 1999. New approaches in the pharmaco logical treatment of obesity. Eur J Nutr 38: 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003940050040
- Bray GA. 2004. Medical consequences of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 2583-2589 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0535
- Stein CJ, Colditz GA. 2004. The epidemic of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 9: 2522-2525
- Kwon JY, Ann IS, Park KY, Cheigh HS, Song YO. 2005. The beneficial effects of pectin on obesity in vitro and in vivo. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 34:13-20 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.1.013
- Park SJ, Kang MH. 2005. The dietary effect of patty made with added glucomannan in high fat diet-induced obese rats. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 15: 40-48
- Tom B. 1999. Obesity. Nutrional Biochemistry. 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, USA. p 379-419
- Kim DH, Soh KS. 2007. Experimental study of Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats. J Korean Institute of Herbal Acupuncture 10: 109-119 https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2007.10.1.109
- Lee JM, Son BK. 1998. Effects of chitosan of different molecular weights on lipid metabolism in rats. Korean J Nutr 31: 143-152
- Lee HW, Park YS, Choi JW, Yi SY, Shin WS. 2003. Antidiabetic effects of chitosanoligosaccharides in neonatal streptozotocin-induced noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 26: 1100-1103 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1100
- Hayashi K, Ito M. 2002. Antidiabetic action of low molecular weight chitosan in genetically obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biol Pharm Bul 25: 188-192 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.188
- Ishihara K, Oyaizu S, Onuki K, Lim K, Fushiki T. 2000. Chronic (-)-hydroxycitrate administration spares carbohydrate utilization and promotes lipid oxidation during exercise in mice. J Nutr 130: 2990-2995
- Jeon JR, Kim JY. 2006. Effect of pine needle extract on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats. Biol Pharm Bull 29: 2111-2115 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.2111
- Bauer JD. 1982. Albumin in Clinical Laboratory Methods. 9th ed. Mosby CV Co., St. Louis, USA. p 493-497
- De Ritis R, Giusti G, Piccinino F, Cacciatore L. 1965. Biochemical laboratory tests in viral hepatitis and other hepatic diseases. Evaluation and follow-up. Bull World Health Organ 32: 69-72
- Tiez NW. 1986. The aminotransferases (transaminases). In Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Saunders WB Co., Philadelphia, USA. p 669-678
- Kibe O, Nilsson NJ. 1967. Observations on the diagnostic and prognostic value of some enzyme tests in myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 182: 597-610 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb10886.x
- Lee HS, Kim HD, Ryu BH. 2000. Effects of soybean germ on the lipid composition of serum in cholesterol fed rats. Korean J Food Nutr 13: 312-318
- Sung IS, Kim MJ, Cho SY. 1997. Effect of Quercus acutissima carruthers extracts on the lipid metabolism. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 327-333
- Guo XN, Zhang RX, Jia ZP, Li MX, Wang J. 2006. Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides on proliferation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and insulin resistance. Zhon Gguo Zhobg Tao Za Zhi 31: 403-407
- Jiang L, Zhang NX, Mo W, Wan R, Ma CG, Li X, Gu YL, Yang XY, Tang QQ, Song HY. 2008. Rehmannia inhibits adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 371: 185-190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.129
- Hwang JT, Kim SH, Lee MS, Kim SH, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim HS, Ha J, Kim MS, Kwon DY. 2007. Anti-obesity effects ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364: 1002-1008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.125
- Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. 2006. Low molecular weight chitosan inhibits obesity induced by feeding a high-fat diet long-term in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 58: 201-207 https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.58.2.0007
- Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Alejandro Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nunez E, Campos- Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. 2007. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. J Ethnopharmacol 114: 66-71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.020