Population Characteristics Influencing Treatment Service Use among Individuals with Drug Dependency

마약류 의존자 치료재활 서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 개인적 특성에 관한 연구

This study investigated population characteristics that influencing treatment service use of people who are voluntarily using drug dependency treatment services by using logistic and hierarchical regression analysis. The research model of the current study was driven by the framework of the 'the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use(the Andersen model)' that has been broadly applied to study on health behavior. This study used data from a sample group of 80 adults by using purposive sampling. This study found that some predisposing factors, enabling factors and need factors have direct effects on service use. In detail, individuals who graduated from high school use drug dependency treatment utilities more than those who did not. Further, individuals who were given more support from family, peers, or others, use the treatment utilities more frequently and were more willing to use the utilities continuously. Furthermore, the greater the perceived need felt by the dependent, the greater the tendency to enter hospitals or shelters. The important implications of this study for social work practice and social policy can be summarized as follows: first, this study supports the idea that intervention for drug dependents in Korea should be focused on environment resources rather than population characteristics; and government must support drug dependent treatment systems; the present study was the first to investigate Korean drug dependents through taking a more positive view, as well as the first to apply 'the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use', and as such represents an example of how studies could be productively conducted in the future. Despite these implications, there remain some limitations in this study. These include the following: limitation in generalizability of the results; the cross-sectional nature of the study design; survey research through the questionnaire method; using foreign scales; and the difficulty of classifying treatment settings.

본 연구는 자발적으로 마약류 의존 치료재활 서비스를 이용하고 있는 한국 성인남녀를 대상으로 그들의 서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 개인적 특성을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있으며, 이론적 틀로 건강서비스 이용행태 분석에 널리 사용되는 Andersen의 '건강서비스이용 행동모형'을 활용하였다. 연구참여자 모집의 어려움으로 유의표집을 통해 조사된 80명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였으며, 분석방법으로 위계적 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, '학력(선행요인)'이 높을수록 현재 이용하는 치료재활 서비스 수가 많으며, '동료의존자의 지지(자원요인)'가 클수록 현재 이용하는 치료재활 서비스 수도 많고 향후 지속적으로 서비스를 이용할 의사도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 의존자들이 느끼는 '인지된 욕구(욕구요인)'가 클수록 입원 입소 경향이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 엔더슨모형에 의하면 우리나라 마약류 의존자 치료재활 서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인은 매우 제한적이며, 또한 서비스 이용의 형평성도 낮은 것을 알 수 있다.