DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

애기장대 칼슘수송체를 발현하는 형질전환 현미의 생쥐 식이를 통한 안전성 평가

Safety Test of Brown Rice Expressing Arabidopsis Calcium Transporter by Feeding Trial in Mice

  • 김경민 (경북대학교 생명자원과학대학 환경원예학과) ;
  • 김창길 (경북대학교 생명자원과학대학 환경원예학과) ;
  • 김병오 (경북대학교 생명자원과학대학 생물응용학과)
  • Kim, Kyung-Min (Department of Environmental Horticulture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Kil (Department of Environmental Horticulture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Oh (Department of Applied Biology College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Kyungpook National University)
  • 발행 : 2008.10.30

초록

선행연구에서 Arabidopsis thaliana $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ 역수송체 유전자인 CAX 1 ($\underline{ca}tion$ $e{\underline{x}}changer$ 1)이 도입된 벼 형질전환체의 $T_3$ 종자는 대조구에 비해 $2.7{\sim}7.5$배 정도 높은 칼슘을 함유하고 있음을 확인한 바 있다. 이 $T_3$ 종자 유래 현미의 생리학적 안전성을 조사하기 위해, 일품현미를 대조구로 하여 생쥐 식이 실험을 수행하고 체중 및 말초 백혈구 수의 변화를 조사하였다. 일 개월 동안의 식이의 결과, $T_3$ 현미의 경우는 체중의 변화량 혹은 말초 백혈구의 수에 있어서 대조구인 일품현미의 경우와 거의 차이가 없었다. 체액성 면역능의 지표인 플라크-형성능, 복강 대식세포의 수, 그리고 NK 세포의 활성도 등을 비롯한 면역기능에 대한 영향에 있어서도 대조구와 유사하였다. 아울러 혈액의 생화학적 분석조사에서도 두 실험군 사이에 별다른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과는 GMO 벼 유래의 $T_3$ 현미가 생리학적으로 안전하며 또한 칼슘함량이 강화된 동물사료 혹은 식품으로 적용될 수 있는 잠재능이 있음을 시사한다. 한편 장기적 안전성에 대한 평가를 위해서는 좀 더 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Previously, we found that the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX 1 (accession no. U57411) gene accumulated 2.7 to 7.5-fold more calcium in the T3 rice grains as compared to those of control. To examine physiological safety of the $T_3$ rice grains, the effect of the $T_3$ brown rice on change in levels of body weight and white blood cells was compared with that of the control Ilpum brown rice by feeding trial in mice. During the feeding trial for one month, there was no significant difference between two mice groups, which were fed by the $T_3$ brown rice or Ilpum brown rice. There were no detectable differences in their effects on immune functions including plaque-forming unit, peritoneal macrophage number, and NK-cell activity. In addition, biochemical analysis of the blood failed to exhibit any difference between two mice groups. Together, these results suggested that the $T_3$ brown rice, which was produced from a genetically modified organism (GMO), might be safe and possess a potential to be applicable as calcium-fortified feed or food. Long-term safety of the $T_3$ brown rice, however, remains to be elucidated.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ausubel, F. M., F. Katagiri, M. Mindrinos and J. Glazebrook. 1995. Use of Arabidopsis thaliana defense-related mutants to dissect the plant response to pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92, 4189-4196. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.10.4189
  2. Bonnet, M., C. Delavaud, J. Rouel and Y. Chilliard. 2005. Pregnancy increases plasma leptin in nulliparous but not primiparous goats while lactation depresses it. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 28, 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.08.003
  3. Bullock, R. W. and E. Moller. 1972. Spontaneous B cell activation due to loss of normal mouse serum suppressor. Eur. J. Immunol. 2, 514-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830020609
  4. Choe, J. S., H. H. Ahn. and H. J. Nam. 2002. Comparison of nutritional composition in Korean rice. J. Korean Soc. Food. Sci. Nutr. 31, 885-892. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.5.885
  5. Gaffney, T. D. and T. G. Lessie. 1987. Insertion-sequencedependent rearrangements of Pseudomonas cepacia plasmid pTGL1. J. Bacteriol. 169, 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.1.224-230.1987
  6. Green, L. C., D. A. Wagner, J. Glogowski, P. L. Skipper and J. S. Tannenbaum. 1982. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N]nitrate. Anal. Biochem. 126, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
  7. Jeong, J. and M. L. Guerinot. 2008. Biofortified and bioavailable: The gold standard for plant-based diets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 1777-1778.
  8. Jerne, N. K. and A. A. Nordin. 1963. Plaque formation in agar by single antibody-producing cells. Science. 140, 405.
  9. Kim, K. M., J. H. Nam, G. H. Park and J. K. Sohn. 2006. Evaluation of $Ca^{2+}$-enhanced rice plant expressing the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter CAX1 gene. Korean J. Breed 38, 343-348.
  10. Kim, K. M., Y. H. Park, C. K. Kim, K. D. Hirschi and J. K. Sohn. 2004. Development of transgenic rice plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX1 gene. Plant Cell Rep. 23, 678-682.
  11. Kim, M. S., H. R. Yang and Y. H. Jeong. 2004. Mineral contents of brown and milled rice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 33, 443-446. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.2.443
  12. Morris, J., K. M. Hawthorne, T. Hotze, S. A. Abrams and K. D. Hirschi. 2008. Nutritional impact of elevated calcium transport activity in carrots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105, 1431-1435. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709005105
  13. Okimura, T., M. Ogawa and T. Yamauchi. 1986. Stress and immune responses. III. Effect of restraint stress on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, natural killer (NK) activity and phagocytosis in mice. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 41, 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.41.229
  14. Park, S., C. Kim, L. Pike, R. Smith and K. Hirschi. 2004. Increased calcium in carrots by expression of an Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ transporter. Mol. Breeding 14, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000047773.20175.ae
  15. Park, S., N. H. Cheng, J. K. Pittman, K. S. Yoo, J. Park, R. H. Smith and K. D. Hirschi. 2005. Increased calcium levels and prolonged shelf life in tomatoes expressing Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporters. Plant physiol. 139, 1194-1206.
  16. Park, S., T. S. Kang, C. K. Kim, J. S. Han, S. Kim, R. H. Smith, L. M. Pike and K. D. Hirschi. 2005. Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber. J. Agri. Food Chem. 53, 5598-5603. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050531c

피인용 문헌

  1. Assessment of the Bioavailability and Nutritive Function of Genetically Modified β-Carotene-biofortified Rice by Using Wistar Rats vol.46, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.2.213