DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Red Ginseng Extract on Storage and Antioxidant Activity of Tofu

홍삼 추출물이 두부의 저장성과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Jung-Suk (Geumsan Agricultural Development and Technology Center) ;
  • Kim, Gyo-Nam (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hannam University) ;
  • Jang, Hae-Dong (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hannam University)
  • Published : 2008.11.28

Abstract

In relation to making tofu with red ginseng extract, the effects of added red ginseng extract on the storage and antioxidant activity of tofu were investigated. When red ginseng extract was added in $0.5%{\sim}2%$ of dried soybean, differences in texture, color and sensory properties were compared. The textural properties of tofu slightly increased depending on the added amount of red ginseng extract in terms of the hardness and springiness: significant difference was demonstrated in the tofu with 2% red ginseng extract, and the color properties also significantly increased in terms of the values of L, a, and b. As a result of sensory evaluation, although the preference to color tended to diminish, as the peculiar taste of red ginseng was significantly perceived, the overall preference did not show any statistical difference. Therefore, the addition of red ginseng extract may be interpreted as not having negative effect on the preference of consumers. There was no change at the early stage of storage in pH, turbidity and total microbial count when the tofu was stored at $15^{\circ}C$. However, the changes in pH and in turbidity, and total microbial counts according to the addition of red ginseng extract took place from the second day and from the sixth day of storage, respectively, suggesting that the shelf-life of tofu may be extended due to its antimicrobial effect. Especially, the highest antimicrobial effect was observed tofu with 2% red ginseng extract. Concerning the antioxidant activity of tofu using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the antioxidant activity significantly increased along with the increase in concentration of red ginseng extract. In ORACOH.assay, the pro-oxidant activity was shown in the tofu added with red ginseng extract.

홍삼 추출물을 첨가한 두부를 제조함에 있어 홍삼 추출물 첨가량이 두부의 품질과 저장성 그리고 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 건조 대두를 기준으로 홍삼 추출물을 $0.5{\sim}2%$ 첨가하여 제조한 두부와 첨가하지 않은 두부의 물성, 색도, 관능의 차이를 비교하였다. 두부의 texture는 견고성과 탄력성에서만 홍삼 추출물의 첨가량에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향으로 홍삼 추출물을 2% 첨가한 두부에서 유의적 차이가 나타났고, 두부의 색도는 L, a, b값 모두 유의적으로 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 color에 대한 기호도가 떨어지는 경향을 보여 주었으나 홍삼 특유의 맛이 유의적으로 감지되면서 전체적인 기호도는 통계상 유의적 차이가 보이지 않아 홍삼 추출물의 첨가가 소비자의 기호에 특별한 거부감을 일으키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 두부를 $15^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 pH, 탁도 그리고 총 균수의 변화를 측정한 결과 저장 초기에는 변화가 없다가 pH와 총 균수는 저장 4일부터, 탁도는 저장 6일부터 변화하는 것으로 나타나, 이는 홍삼 추출물이 첨가된 두부가 홍삼 추출물이 첨가되지 않은 두부보다 미생물 생육이 억제되어 두부의 저장성이 향상되었음을 의미한다. ORAC assay를 이용한 두부의 항산화 활성은 첨가된 홍삼 추출물의 농도에 비례하여 antioxidant 활성이 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, ORACOH. assay에서 는 홍삼 추출물을 첨가한 두부 추출물이 홍삼 추출물의 농도에 비례하여 pro-oxidant 활성을 보여 주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jung JY, Cho EJ. 2002. The effect of green tea powder levels on storage characteristics of tofu. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 18: 129-134
  2. Jung GT, Ju IO, Choi JS, Hong JS. 2000. Preparation and shelf-life of soybean curd coagulated by fruit juice of Schizandra chinensis ruprecht (omija) and Prunus mume (maesil). Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 1087-1092
  3. Park YJ, Oh NS, Han MS, Park MK, In MJ. 2004. Effects of coagulants on the yield and textural properties of soybean curd (tofu) containing garlic. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 47: 370-372
  4. Chun KH, Kim BY, Hahm YT. 1999. Extension of tofu shelf-life with water soluble degraded chitosan as a coagulant. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 161-166
  5. Im JG, Park IK, Kim SD. 2004. Quality characteristics of tofu added with basil water extracts. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 20: 144-150
  6. Shin DH, Kim MS, Bae KS, Kho YH. 1992. Identification of putrefactive bacteria related to soybean curd. Korean J Food Sci Technol 24: 29-30
  7. Joo GJ, Hur SS, Choi YH, Rhee IK. 1998. Characterization and identification of bacteria from putrefying soybean curd. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 5: 292-298
  8. Ryu YG. 2005. Tofu's manufacturing system and market situations. Food Industry and Nutrition 10: 6-10
  9. Kim ID, Park MJ, Ryu KC, Kim MK, Lee NH, Kim SD, Kim KS. 1998. Shelf-life of soybean curd prepared with ozone-treated soybeans. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 5: 73-80
  10. Kim KT, Im JS, Kim SS. 1996. A study of the physical and sensory characteristics of ginseng soybean curd prepared with various coagulants. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28: 965-969
  11. Baik EK, Koo HJ, Kim KS, Kim DS, Baik MY. 2004. Characteristics of functional soybean curd with ginseng, polydextrose, and DHA. Institute of Life Science & Resources 23: 22-26
  12. Kim DH, Lim MS, Kim YO. 1996. Effect of seaweeds addition on the physicochemical characteristics of soybean curd. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 25: 249-254.
  13. Kim SS, Park MK, Oh NS, Kim DC, Han MS, In MJ. 2003. Studies on quality characteristics and shelf-life of chlorella soybean curd (tofu). J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 46: 12-15
  14. Jeon MK, Kim MR. 2006. Quality characteristics of tofu prepared with herbs. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 22: 30-36
  15. Kim JM, Kim HT, Choi YB, Hwang HS, Kim TY. 1993. Effects of cow's milk addition on the quality of soybean curd. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 22: 437-442
  16. Hwang TI, Kim SK, Park YS, Byoun KE. 2001. Studies on the storage of functional red soybean curd. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 1115-1119
  17. Oh SW, Lee YC, Hong HD. 2002. Effects on the shelf-life of tofu with ethanol extracts of Rubus coreanus miquel, Therminalia chebula retz and Rhus javanica. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34: 746-749
  18. Choi YO, Chung HS, Youn KS. 2000. Effects of various concentrations of natural materials on the manufacturing of soybean curd. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 7: 256-261
  19. Chang YS, Chang YH, Sung JH. 2006. The effect of ginseng and caffeine products on the antioxidative activities of mouse kidney. J Ginseng Res 30: 15-21 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2006.30.1.015
  20. Park SJ, Cho YJ, Pyee JH, Hong HD. 2006. Meta-analysis of studies and patents on Korean ginseng in recent 5 years in korea and prospective needs. J Ginseng Res 30: 212-219 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2006.30.4.212
  21. Park CK, Jeon BS, Yang JW. 2003. The chemical components of Korean ginseng. Food Industry and Nutrition 8: 10-23
  22. Nam SH. 1979. Studies on the effect of Korean ginseng components on acetic acid fermentation. MS Thesis. Korea University
  23. Cho TH, Oh SW, Yu IH, Yu TJ. 1986. Influences of Fusarium solani and Phytophthora cactorum on the changes in saponin components of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). J Ginseng Res 10: 180-189
  24. Kwak YS, Hwang MS, Kim SC, Kim CS, Do JH, Park CK. 2006. A growth inhibition effect of saponin from red ginseng on some pathogenic microorganisms. J Ginseng Res 30: 128-131 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2006.30.3.128
  25. Kwak HK, Blumberg JB, Chen CY, Milbury PE. 2006. Microplate-based oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay of hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments in plasma. Nutr Sci 9: 48-54
  26. Kurihara H, Fukami H, Asami S, Totoda Y, Nakai M, Shibata h, Yao XS. 2004. Effects of oolong tea on plasma antioxidative capacity in mice loaded with restraint stress assessed using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Biol Pharm Bull 27: 1093-1098 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1093
  27. Cao G, Sofic E, Prior RL. 1997. Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship. Free Radic Biol Med 22: 749-760 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00351-6
  28. Park CK, Hwang IK. 1994. Effects of coagulant concentration and phytic acid addition on the contents of Ca and P and rheological property of soybean curd. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26: 355-358
  29. Lu JY, Canter E, Chang RA, 1980. Use of calcium salts for soybean curd preparation. J Food Sci 45: 32-34 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb03864.x
  30. Park EY, Noh BS, Ko SH. 2002. Prediction of shelf life for soybean curd by the electronic nose and artificial neural network system. Food Sci Biotechnol 11: 245-251
  31. Song TH, Kim SS. 1991. A study on the effect of ginseng on quality characteristics of kimchi. Korean J Soc Food Sci 7: 81-88
  32. Chang KS, Kim MJ, Kim SD. 1995. Effect of ginseng on the preservability and quality of chinese cabbage kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 24: 313-322
  33. Davies KJA. 2000. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and damage removal, repair, and replacement systems. IUBMB Life 50: 279-289 https://doi.org/10.1080/713803728
  34. Galati G, O'Brien PJ. 2004. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radic Biol Med 37: 287-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.034
  35. Yang G, Kaio J, Kin K, Yurkow ES, Yang CS. 1998. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols. Carcinogensis 19: 611-616 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.4.611
  36. Kladna A, Aboul-Enein HY, Kruk I, Michalska T, Lichszteld K. 2006. Anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant behaviour of bucillamine. Luminescence 21: 90-97 https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.890
  37. Azam S, Hadi N, Khan NU, Hadi SM. 2004. Prooxidant property of green tea polyphenols epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for anticancer properties. Toxicol In Vitro 18: 555-561 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.012
  38. Bae EA, Kwon TW, Moon GS. 1997. Isoflavone contents and antioxidative effects of soybeans, soybean curd and their by-products. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 371-375
  39. Lee JW, Do JH. 2006. Current studies on browning reaction products and acidic polysaccharide in Korean red ginseng. J Ginseng Res 30: 41-48 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2006.30.1.041
  40. Ryu GH. 2003. Present status of red ginseng products and its manufacturing process. Food Industry and Nutrition 8: 38-42
  41. Choi EJ. 2006. The prooxidant, rather than antioxidant, acts of daidzein in vivo and in vitro: Daidzein suppresses glutathione metabolism. Eur J Pharmacol 542: 162-169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.020

Cited by

  1. Quality and Antioxidant Characteristics of Soft Tofu Supplemented with Red Ginseng Extract during Storage vol.39, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.3.414
  2. Physiochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Curd Added with Saltwort (Salicornia herbacea L.) vol.29, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.2.123
  3. Process Optimization of Ginseng Berry Extract Fermentation by Lactobacillus sp. Strain KYH isolated from Fermented Kimchi and Product Analysis vol.26, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2016.2.26.1.88
  4. Effect of Red Ginseng Extracted with Water and Ethanol on the Qualities of Cooked Pork Patties During Storage vol.55, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.5.475
  5. Quality Characteristics of Tofu Prepared with Tomatoes and Strawberries vol.31, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.185
  6. Changes in Quality of Soybean Sprouts Washed with Electrolyzed Water during Storage vol.40, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.4.586
  7. Effect of Red Ginseng Extracts on the Qualities of Low Salt and Low Fat Pork Sausage vol.31, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.4.588
  8. Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Salad Dressings Prepared with Wild Grape Powder during Storage vol.44, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.2.250
  9. Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Effects of Sansuyu Fruit (Corni fructus) Extracted with Water at Different Temperatures vol.40, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.2.149
  10. Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Red Ginseng Extracts or Red Ginseng Hydrolyzates-added Asiago Cheese during Ripening vol.28, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0056
  11. Change in the Quality Characteristics of Salad Dressing Prepared with Mulberry, Schisandra chinensis and Yam Juice during Storage vol.19, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.6.825
  12. Changes of Antioxidant Activities of Soft Tofu Manufactured with Red Ginseng Extract during Storage vol.27, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2014.27.3.478
  13. Immuno-Activities of Extracts of Tofu Fermented with Pleurotus eryngii Mycelia vol.39, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.1.025
  14. 견과류를 달리하여 제조한 바질 페스토의 저장 중의 품질특성 vol.22, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2016.22.2.003
  15. 내분비교란물질 비스페놀 A를 처리한 마우스에서 홍삼 추출물의 간 섬유화 개선 vol.30, pp.2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2017.30.2.125
  16. 아산 지역특산물과 설화를 활용한 Food Tourism 제품 개발 vol.33, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.7318/kjfc/2018.33.3.217
  17. Physiochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Effects, and Sensory Characteristics of Quark Cheese Supplemented with Ginseng Extract vol.39, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2019.e26
  18. Evaluating the quality stability of black vinegar-based salad sauce during storage vol.26, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.2.141
  19. 자연치즈가 함유된 칼슘강화 구워먹는 치즈두부 품질 특성 vol.38, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.22424/jdsb.2020.38.4.222
  20. 청각(Codium fragile)을 첨가하여 제조한 두부의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성 vol.53, pp.6, 2008, https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2020.0816