International Journal of Oral Biology

The Korean Academy of Oral Biology (대한구강생물학회)
권호 표지

Expression of Various Pattern Recognition Receptors in Gingival Epithelial Cells

  • Shin, Ji-Eun (Program of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ji, Suk (Program of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Young-Nim (Program of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2008.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Innate immune response is initiated by the recognition of unique microbial molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The purpose of this study is to dissect the expression of various PRRs in gingival epithelial cells of differentiated versus undifferentiated states. Differentiation of immortalized human gingival epithelial HOK-16B cells was induced by culture in the presence of high $Ca^{2+}$ at increased cell density. The expression levels of various PRRs in HOK-16B cells were examined by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of human beta defensins (HBDs) was examined by real time RT-PCR and the amounts of secreted cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In undifferentiated HOK-16B cells, NACHT-LRR-PYDcontaining protein (NALP) 2 was expressed most abundantly, and toll like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1, and NOD2 were expressed in substantial levels. However, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, ICE protease-activating factor (IPAF), and NALP6 were hardly expressed. In differentiated cells, the levels of NOD2, NALP2, and TLR4 were different from those in undifferentiated cells at RNA but not at protein levels. Interestingly, differentiated cells expressed the increased levels of HBD-1 and -3 but secreted reduced amount of IL-8. In conclusion, the repertoire of PRRs expressed by gingival epithelial cells is limited, and undifferentiated and differentiated cells express similar levels of PRRs.

Keywords

References

  1. Carneiro L, Maqalhaes J, Tattoli I, Philpott D, Travassors L. NOD-like proteins in immunity, inflammation and disease. Nat Immunol. 2006;7:1250-1257 https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1412
  2. Dale BA. Periodontal epithelium : A newly recognized role in health and disease. Periodontal 2000. 2002;30:70-78 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.03007.x
  3. Ganz T. Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:710-720 https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1180
  4. Janeway CA, Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:197-216 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359
  5. Ji S, Kim Y, Min BM, Han SH, Choi Y. Innate immune response of gingival epithelial cells to nonperiodontopathic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Periodontal Res. 2007;42:503-510 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00974.x
  6. Ji S, Shin JE, Kim YS, Oh J-E, Min B-M, Choi Y. TLR2 and NALP2 mediate induction of human beta-defensins by Fusobacterium nucleatum in gingival epithelial cells. Infect Immunity. 투고 중
  7. Krisanaprakornkit S, Kimball JR, Dale BA. Regulation of human beta-defensin-2 in gingival epithelial cells. the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, but not the NF-kappaB transcription factor family. J Immunol. 2002;168:316-324 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.316
  8. Lehrer RI, Ganz T. Defensins of vertebrate animals. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002;14:96-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(01)00303-X
  9. Masumoto J, Hasegawa M, Inohara N. The molecular functions of NOD proteins and their associated disease. Current Medicinal chemistry. 2005;4:43-51
  10. Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 1997;91:295-298 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80412-2
  11. 민병무, 조제열, 강정숙. 구강점막 및 치은, Oral biochemistry, Ch 6. 대한나래출판사, 2007
  12. Park NH, Min BM, Li SL, Min ZH, Henry MC, Doniger J. Immortalization of normal human keratinocytes with type 16 human papilomavirus. Carcinogenesis 1991;12:1627- 1631 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.9.1627
  13. Presland RB, Dale BA. Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity : Function in health and disease. Crit Rev Oral Med. 2000;11:383-408 https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110040101
  14. Qureshi ST, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and their role in experimental models of microbial infection. Genes Immune. 2003;4:43-51
  15. Suqawara Y, Uehara A, Fujimoto Y, Kusumoto S, Fukase K, Shibata K, Suqawara S, Sasano T, Takada H. Toll-like receptors, NOD1, and NOD2 in oral epithelial cells. J Dent Res. 2006;85:524-529 https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500609
  16. Uehara A, FuJimoto Y, Fukase K, Takada H. Various human epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 to produce anti-microbial peptides, but not proiflammatory cytokines. Mol Immunol. 2007;44:3100- 3111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.02.007
  17. Werts C, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. TIR, CARD and PYRIN : three domains for an antimicrobial triad. Cell death and differentiation 2006;13:798-815 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401890