Formulation and Shelf Life of a Nutritional Supplement for Undernourished Elderly People

  • Published : 2008.04.30

Abstract

A nutritional supplement was developed aiming at correcting the most common nutrient and caloric deficiencies encountered in elderly people (${\geq}60$ years old). The protein source was a mixture of whey protein isolates (WPI) and bovine collagen hydrolysate (BCH) with high nutritional and functional qualities making up 12% of the formulation. The carbohydrate fraction was composed of sucrose, inulin (soluble fiber), and fructo-oligosaccharide (prebiotic). The most commonly deficient essential minerals and vitamins were also included. Acceptance of the product was good according to both an elderly panel and a laboratory panel composing of both sexes and various ages. The stability of the formulations was evaluated and the estimated shelf life at room temperature (ca. $27^{\circ}C$) was approximately 4 months.

Keywords

References

  1. Heredia OC. Demographic characteristics of third age in Latin America and Brazil. Interdisc. Stud. Aging 2: 7-21 (1999)
  2. Pessini L. Aging and health: Impacts of the II World Assembly on the Aging. World Health 26: 457-463 (2002)
  3. Aranha FQ, Barros ZF, Moura LSA, Goncalves MCR, Barros JC, Metri JC, Souza MS. The role of vitamin C on the organic alteration in the elderly. Braz. J. Nutr. 13: 89-97 (2000)
  4. Campos MTFS, Monteiro JBR, Ornelas APRC. Factors affecting the food consumption and the nutrition of the elderly. Braz. J. Nutr. 13:157-165 (2000)
  5. Pallas MC. Importance of nutrition in the elderly people. Novartis Consumer Health S.A., 2002. Available: http://www. novartismedicalnutrition.com/es. Accessed June 28, 200
  6. Nicolas AS, Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Rolland Y, Vellas B. Successful aging and nutrition. Nutr. Rev. 59: S88-S92 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb05507.x
  7. Chandra RK. Nutrition and the immune system: An introduction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66: 460S-463S (1997) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.2.460S
  8. Nogués R. Factors affecting the nutrients intake in the elderly which condition its correct nutrition. Clin. Nutr. 15: 39-44 (1995)
  9. Robinson GE, Leif BJ. Nutrition Management & Restorative Dining for Older Adults - Practical Interventions for Caregivers. 1st ed. Vol. 14. American Dietetic Assoc., Chicago, IL, USA (2001)
  10. Elsborg L, Nielsen JA, Bertram U. The intake of vitamins and minerals by the elderly at home. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 53: 321-329 (1983)
  11. Speigel A, Brown WE. Shelf life testing. p. 96. In: Flexible Packaging Technology. The Center Professional Advancement, Brunswick, NJ, USA (1990)
  12. Azanha AB, Faria JAF. Use of mathematical models for estimating the shelf life of corn-flakes in flexible packaging. Packag. Technol. Sci. 18: 171-178 (2005)
  13. Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI for calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. The National Academies Press, 1997. Available: http://www.nap.edu/. Accessed May 20, 2005
  14. Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, folate, vitamin $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. The National Academies Press, 1998. Available: http://www.nap. edu/. Accessed May 20, 2005
  15. Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. The National Academies Press, 2000. Available: http://www.nap.edu/. Accessed May 20, 2005
  16. Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. The National Academies Press, 2001. Available: http://www.nap.edu/. Accessed May 20, 2005
  17. Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. The National Academies Press, 2002. Available: http://www.nap.edu/. Accessed May 20, 2005
  18. Vickers Z, Holton E, Wang J. Effect of ideal-relative sweetness on yogurt consumption. Food Qual. Prefer. 12: 521-526 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(01)00047-7
  19. Meilgaard M, Civille GV. Sensory Evaluation Techniques. Florida CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA. p. 281 (1999)
  20. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Horwitz W (ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA. p. 1141 (1990)
  21. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Phys. 37: 911-917 (1959) https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  22. Slavin S, Petersen GE, Lindhal PC. Determination of heavy metals in meats by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Atom. Abs. Newslett. 14: 57-59 (1975)
  23. Olson OE, Palmer IS, Cary E. Modification of the official fluorimetric method for selenium in plants. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58: 117-121 (1975)
  24. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Horwitz W (ed). Vol. 2, Method 961-15. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA (2000)
  25. Lima JA, Catharino RR, Godoy HT. HPLC methodology for folic acid determination in enriched wheat flour and bread. Tech. Molitoria Intern. 55: 151-158 (2004)
  26. Manz U, Philipp K. Determination of vitamin A in complete feeds and premixes and vitamin concentrates with HPLC. pp. 5-7 In: Analytical Methods for Vitamins and Carotenoids in Food. Roche, Roche, Switzerland (1988)
  27. Brubacher G, Müller-Mulot W, Southgate DAT. Methods for the Determination of Vitamins in Food - Recommended by COST 91. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA. pp. 97-106 (1985)
  28. Arakawa N, Otsuka M, Kurata T, Inagki C. Separative determination of ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid by highperformance liquid chromatography. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 27: 1-7 (1981) https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.27.1
  29. Teixeira Neto RO, Jardim DCP. Transformation reactions in foods. pp. 1-18. In: Transformation Reactions and Shelf Life in Processed Foods - Technical Manual. Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1996)
  30. Fujita J. Diffusion in polymer-diluent's systems. Fortsch. Hochpolym. Forsch. 3: 1-47 (1961) https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0050514
  31. Crank J. The Mathematics of Diffusion. 2nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. pp. 1-10 (1975)
  32. Ferreira VLP. Food Colorimetry. Food Technology Institute, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. p. 43 (1991)
  33. Gomes FP. Experimental Statistical Course. 10th ed. Nobel, Sao Paulo, Brazil. p. 430 (1982)
  34. Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E. Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60: 309-312 (1938) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023
  35. Bell LN, Labuza TP. Moisture sorption isotherms. p. 20. In: Moisture Sorption Practical Aspects of Isotherm Measurement and Use. 2nd ed. AACC Eagan Press, St. Paul, MN, USA (1996)
  36. Padula M. Packaging influence on shelf life of foods. pp. 4-17. In:Transformation Reactions and Shelf Life in Processed Foods - Tecnical Manual. Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1996)
  37. Alves RMV. Package specification by the use of sorption isotherm using mathematical model. pp. 7-20. In: Course on Water Activity in Foods. Food Technology Institute, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1997)