References
- Akamatsu, S., A. Watanabe, M. Tamesada, R. Nakamura, S. Hayashi, D. Kodama, M. Kawase, and K. Yagi. 2004. Hepatoprotective effect of extracts from Lentinus edodes mycelia on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27: 1957-1960 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1957
- Allavena, P., M. Chieppa, P. Monti, and L. Piemonti. 2004. From pattern recognition receptor to regulator of homeostasis: The double-faced macrophage mannose receptor. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 24: 179-192 https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v24.i3.20
- Borchers, A. T., J. S. Stern, R. M. Hackman, C. L. Keen, and M. E. Gershwin. 1999. Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 221: 281-293
- Brown, G. D. 2006. Dectin-1: A signalling non-TLR patternrecognition receptor. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6: 33-43 https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1745
- Cho, H. J., J. Y. Cho, M. H. Rhee, H. S. Kim, H. S. Lee, and H. J. Park. 2007. Inhibitory effects of cordycepin (3'- deoxyadenosine), a component of Cordyceps militaris, on human platelet aggregation induced by thapsigargin. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 1134-1138
- Cho, J. Y., K. U. Baik, J. H. Jung, and M. H. Park. 2000. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, from Saussurea lappa. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 398: 399-407 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00337-X
- Choi, M. S., S. H. Lee, H. S. Cho, Y. Kim, Y. P. Yun, H. Y. Jung, J. K. Jung, B. C. Lee, H. B. Pyo, and J. T. Hong. 2007. Inhibitory effect of obovatol on nitric oxide production and activation of NF-kappaB/MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharidetreated RAW 264.7 cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 556: 181-189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.054
- Cutolo, M. 1999. Macrophages as effectors of the immunoendocrinologic interactions in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 876: 32-41; discussion 41-32 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07620.x
- Dillon, S., S. Agrawal, K. Banerjee, J. Letterio, T. L. Denning, K. Oswald-Richter, D. J. Kasprowicz, K. Kellar, J. Pare, T. van Dyke, S. Ziegler, D. Unutmaz, and B. Pulendran. 2006. Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. J. Clin. Invest. 116: 916-928 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI27203
- Dong, Q., L. M. Jia, and J. N. Fang. 2006. A beta-D-glucan isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus and its aqueous conformation. Carbohydr. Res. 341: 791-795 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2006.01.022
- Doyle, S. L. and L. A. O'Neill. 2006. Toll-like receptors: From the discovery of NFkappaB to new insights into transcriptional regulations in innate immunity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72: 1102-1113 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.010
- Ebina, T. 2005. Antitumor effects of intratumoral injection of Basidiomycetes preparations. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 32: 1654-1656
- Evans, S. E., P. Y. Hahn, F. McCann, T. J. Kottom, Z. V. Pavlovic, and A. H. Limper. 2005. Pneumocystis cell wall betaglucans stimulate alveolar epithelial cell chemokine generation through nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent mechanisms. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 32: 490-497 https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2004-0300OC
- Fang, N., Q. Li, S. Yu, J. Zhang, L. He, M. J. Ronis, and T. M. Badger. 2006. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by an ethyl acetate fraction from shiitake mushrooms. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 12: 125-132 https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.12.125
- Fishman, P., S. Bar-Yehuda, L. Madi, L. Rath-Wolfson, A. Ochaion, S. Cohen, and E. Baharav. 2006. The PI3KNF- kappaB signal transduction pathway is involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of IB-MECA in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 8: R33 https://doi.org/10.1186/ar1887
- Gordon, S. 2002. Pattern recognition receptors: Doubling up for the innate immune response. Cell 111: 927-930 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01201-1
- Gordon, S. B. and R. C. Read. 2002. Macrophage defences against respiratory tract infections. Br. Med. Bull. 61: 45-61 https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/61.1.45
- Hahn, P. Y., S. E. Evans, T. J. Kottom, J. E. Standing, R. E. Pagano, and A. H. Limper. 2003. Pneumocystis carinii cell wall beta-glucan induces release of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 from alveolar epithelial cells via a lactosylceramidemediated mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 2043-2050 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M209715200
- Hardy, K. and N. H. Hunt. 2004. Effects of a redox-active agent on lymphocyte activation and early gene expression patterns. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37: 1550-1563 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.020
- Hoebe, K., Z. Jiang, P. Georgel, K. Tabeta, E. Janssen, X. Du, and B. Beutler. 2006. TLR signaling pathways: Opportunities for activation and blockade in pursuit of therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12: 4123-4134 https://doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743466
- Hoshi, H., Y. Yagi, H. Iijima, K. Matsunaga, Y. Ishihara, and T. Yasuhara. 2005. Isolation and characterization of a novel immunomodulatory alpha-glucan-protein complex from the mycelium of Tricholoma matsutake in basidiomycetes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 8948-8956 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0510743
- Hsu, T. C., M. R. Young, J. Cmarik, and N. H. Colburn. 2000. Activator protein 1 (AP-1)- and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)- dependent transcriptional events in carcinogenesis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 1338-1348 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00220-3
- Ishihara, Y., H. Iijima, Y. Yagi, H. Hoshi, and K. Matsunaga. 2004. Inhibition of decrease in natural killer cell activity in repeatedly restraint-stressed mice by a biological response modifier derived from cultured mycelia of the basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake. Neuroimmunomodulation 11: 41-48 https://doi.org/10.1159/000072968
- Ishihara, Y., H. Iijima, Y. Yagi, and K. Matsunaga. 2003. Enhanced recovery of NK cell activity in mice under restraint stress by the administration of a biological response modifier derived from the mycelia of the basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake. Stress 6: 141-148 https://doi.org/10.1080/1025389031000116479
- Kataoka, K., T. Muta, S. Yamazaki, and K. Takeshige. 2002. Activation of macrophages by linear (1right-arrow3)-beta-Dglucans. Implications for the recognition of fungi by innate immunity. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 36825-36831 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206756200
- Kim, G. Y., M. G. Han, Y. S. Song, B. C. Shin, Y. I. Shin, H. J. Lee, D. O. Moon, C. M. Lee, J. Y. Kwak, Y. S. Bae, J. D. Lee, and Y. M. Park. 2004. Proteoglycan isolated from Phellinus linteus induces Toll-like receptors 2- and 4-mediated maturation of murine dendritic cells via activation of ERK, p38, and NF-kappaB. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27: 1656-1662 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1656
- Koide, N., H. Ito, M. M. Mu, T. Sugiyama, F. Hassan, S. Islam, I. Mori, T. Yoshida, and T. Yokochi. 2005. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 augments nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 45: 213-219 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2005.03.012
- Kuo, M. C., C. Y. Weng, C. L. Ha, and M. J. Wu. 2006. Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappaB. J. Ethnopharmacol. 103: 217-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.010
- Kupfahl, C., G. Geginat, and H. Hof. 2006. Lentinan has a stimulatory effect on innate and adaptive immunity against murine Listeria monocytogenes infection. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6: 686-696 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2005.10.008
- Kweon, M. H., W. J. Lim, H. C. Yang, and H. C. Sung. 2000. Characterization of two glucans activating an alternative complement pathway from the fruiting bodies of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10: 267-271
- Lull, C., H. J. Wichers, and H. F. Savelkoul. 2005. Antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties of fungal metabolites. Mediators Inflamm. 2005: 63-80 https://doi.org/10.1155/MI.2005.63
- Mayell, M. 2001. Maitake extracts and their therapeutic potential. Altern. Med. Rev. 6: 48-60
- Morand, E. F. and M. Leech. 2005. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Front. Biosci. 10: 12-22 https://doi.org/10.2741/1501
- Olsson, S. and R. Sundler. 2007. The macrophage beta-glucan receptor mediates arachidonate release induced by zymosan: Essential role for Src family kinases. Mol. Immunol. 44: 1509-1515 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.004
- Olynych, T. J., D. L. Jakeman, and J. S. Marshall. 2006. Fungal zymosan induces leukotriene production by human mast cells through a dectin-1-dependent mechanism. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118: 837-843 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.008
- Park, S. K., G. Y. Kim, J. Y. Lim, J. Y. Kwak, Y. S. Bae, J. D. Lee, Y. H. Oh, S. C. Ahn, and Y. M. Park. 2003. Acidic polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus induce phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 312: 449-458 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.136
- Rogers, N. C., E. C. Slack, A. D. Edwards, M. A. Nolte, O. Schulz, E. Schweighoffer, D. L. Williams, S. Gordon, V. L. Tybulewicz, G. D. Brown, and C. Reis e Sousa. 2005. Sykdependent cytokine induction by Dectin-1 reveals a novel pattern recognition pathway for C type lectins. Immunity 22: 507-517 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.03.004
- Sato, M., H. Sano, D. Iwaki, K. Kudo, M. Konishi, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, H. Imaizumi, Y. Asai, and Y. Kuroki. 2003. Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A. J. Immunol. 171: 417-425 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.417
- Schaefer, L., A. Babelova, E. Kiss, H. J. Hausser, M. Baliova, M. Krzyzankova, G. Marsche, M. F. Young, D. Mihalik, M. Gotte, E. Malle, R. M. Schaefer, and H. J. Grone. 2005. The matrix component biglycan is proinflammatory and signals through Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 115: 2223-2233 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI23755
- Sorensen, H. R., A. S. Meyer, and S. Pedersen. 2003. Enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble wheat arabinoxylan. 1. Synergy between alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases, endo-1,4-betaxylanases, and beta-xylosidase activities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81: 726-731 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.10519
- Stuhlmuller, B., U. Ungethum, S. Scholze, L. Martinez, M. Backhaus, H. G. Kraetsch, R. W. Kinne, and G. R. Burmester. 2000. Identification of known and novel genes in activated monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43: 775-790 https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200004)43:4<775::AID-ANR8>3.0.CO;2-7
- Trinchieri, G. and A. Sher. 2007. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7: 179-190 https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2038
- Wu, M. J., T. L. Cheng, S. Y. Cheng, T. W. Lian, L. Wang, and S. Y. Chiou. 2006. Immunomodulatory properties of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 2906-2914 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052893q
- Yrlid, U., M. Svensson, C. Johansson, and M. J. Wick. 2000. Salmonella infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells: Influence on antigen presentation and initiating an immune response. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 27: 313-320 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01445.x
- Zhao, M. W., W. Q. Liang, D. B. Zhang, N. Wang, C. G. Wang, and Y. J. Pan. 2007. Cloning and characterization of squalene synthase (SQS) gene from Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 1106-1112