Survey of COPD Management among the Primary Care Physicians in Korea

우리나라 일차 진료의사의 만성폐쇄성폐질환(COPD) 진료실태조사

  • Park, Myung Jae (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Cheon Woong (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Seung Joon (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Young Kyoon (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Sung Yong (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Kyung Ho (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Kyeong-Cheol (Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Kwan Ho (Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jin Hwa (Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Yu-Il (Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam Univeristy College of Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Sung-Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam Univeristy College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Yong Bum (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Ki-Suck (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Hyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Dong Ho (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo, Jee-Hong (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine)
  • 박명재 (경희대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최천웅 (경희대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김승준 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김영균 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이승룡 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 강경호 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 신경철 (영남대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이관호 (영남대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이진화 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김유일 (전남대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 임성철 (전남대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박용범 (한림대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 정기석 (한림대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김태형 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 신동호 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 유지홍 (경희대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2008.01.03
  • Accepted : 2008.01.29
  • Published : 2008.02.28

Abstract

Background: The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing and the disease is becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is important to implement evidence-based guidelines by primary care physicians (PCPs) to establish qualified management of COPD patients. The aim of this survey is to investigate the pattern of COPD management among PCPs and to apply it to the development of Korean COPD guidelines. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was prepared that consisted of 25 questions on the pattern of COPD management. A total of 217 PCPs participated in the survey from June 2006 to May 2007. Results: Many PCPs (61.8%) possessed a spirometer, but the application rate was relatively low (35.8%) and more than half of the COPD patients (57%) did not receive a diagnosis based on spirometry. Administration of oral medication was preferred than the administration of inhaled medication for both stable COPD and acutely exacerbated COPD. More than 90% of the PCPs endorsed educational measures to quit smoking and vaccinate against influenza. It was noted that 56.7% of the PCPs were aware of the GOLD guidelines, but only 7.3% tended to fully implement the recommendations of the guidelines in daily practice. Conclusion: The results of the survey indicate that despite the high awareness rate of the current COPD guidelines, deficits exist among the PCPs with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. The results of this survey should be applied for the development of new COPD guidelines in order to decrease the discrepancy between the guidelines and the daily practice of the PCPs.

연구배경: COPD는 전세계적으로 유병률, 이환율 및 사망률이 급격히 증가하는 질환으로 환자의 삶의 질을 호전 시키고 사회, 경제적인 질병부담을 줄이기 위해 경증 COPD 환자를 조기에 진단하여 적절히 치료하는데 일차진료의사의 역할이 중요하다. 근거중심을 바탕으로 개발된 GOLD와 같은 COPD 진료지침은 이 목적을 위해 유용하나 우리나라의 진료실태가 반영되지 않은 문제점이 있다. 근거중심을 바탕으로 우리나라 진료실정이 반영된 진료지침을 개발하기 위해 우리나라 일차진료의사들의 진료 실태를 조사하여 보고한다. 방법: 진료실태는 웹을 기반으로 COPD의 진단, 치료, 위험인자, 교육, 진료지침에 대한 25개의 설문을 포함 제작하였고 총 217명의 일차진료의사가 설문조사에 동의하고 참여하였다. 참여자의 의사경력은 평균 17.7년이며 76.5%가 내과를 전공하였고 지역적으로는 63.6%가 서울, 경기지역에서 진료를 하고 있었다. 결과: 비교적 높은 비율(61.8%)로 폐기능검사기를 보유하고 있지만 실제 진료 시 활용도는 낮은(35.8%) 편임을 알 수 있었다. 안정 시, 급성악화 시 COPD의 치료에서 경구제제의 처방빈도가 흡입제제에 비해서 모두 높았다. COPD의 주요 위험인자인 흡연에 대해서는 흡연여부 확인율, 금연권유율 등이 90% 이상으로 높았으나 금연을 위한 처방에서 금연 성공률이 높은 니코친대체제와 부프로피온의 병용 처방률이 4.3%로 낮았다. COPD 진료지침에 대한 인지도는 56.7%였고 그대로 따르는 경우는 7.3%로 국내 진료실태를 반영한 진료지침의 개발이 요구되며 진료지침의 보급과 확산을 위해서는 진료지침책자를 포함한 인쇄자료의 보급이 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 우리나라 일차진료의사들의 COPD 진료실태는 진단에서 폐기능검사의 보유율에 비해 사용률이 낮고 치료에서 흡입제에 비해 경구제제의 처방을 선호하는 경향을 보였다. GOLD 진료지침에 대한 인지도는 높으나 그대로 따르는 일차진료의사는 적으므로 이번 진료실태조사 결과를 바탕으로 근거중심이지만 국내실정을 반영한 COPD 진료지침의 개발 및 보급이 필요하리라 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256-76 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039
  2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. Thorax 2004;59 Suppl 1:1-232
  3. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2
  4. Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet 2007;370:765-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61380-4
  5. Kim DS, Kim YS, Jung KS, Chang JH, Lim CM, Lee JH, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: a population-based spirometry survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:842-7 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200502-259OC
  6. Glaab T, Banik N, Rutschmann OT, Wencker M. National survey of guideline-compliant COPD management among pneumologists and primary care physicians. COPD 2006;3:141-8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15412550600829299
  7. Calverley PM, Walker P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2003;362:1053-61 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14416-9
  8. Calverley PM, Wedzicha JA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease past, present and future. Thorax 2007;62:1026-7 https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2007.092635
  9. Sullivan SD, Ramsey SD, Lee TA. The economic burden of COPD. Chest 2000;117:5S-9S https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.117.1.5
  10. Menezes AM, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, Muino A, Lopez MV, Valdivia G, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study. Lancet 2005;366:1875-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67632-5
  11. Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, Gillespie S, Burney P, Mannino DM, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 2007;370:741-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61377-4
  12. Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;176:532-55 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO
  13. Lee EK. Implementation status of asthma management guideline in Korea. Health and Welfare(Bo-Kun-Bok-JI) Forum 2004;10:45-55
  14. Rutschmann OT, Janssens JP, Vermeulen B, Sarasin FP. Knowledge of guidelines for the management of COPD: a survey of primary care physicians. Respir Med 2004;98:932-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.018
  15. Hobbs FD, Erhardt L. Acceptance of guideline recommendations and perceived implementation of coronary heart disease prevention among primary care physicians in five European countries: the Reassessing European Attitudes about Cardiovascular Treatment (REACT) survey. Fam Pract 2002;19:596-604 https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.6.596
  16. Daly C, Clemens F, Lopez-Sendon JL, Tavazzi L, Boersma E, Danchin N, et al. The impact of guideline compliant medical therapy on clinical outcome in patients with stable angina: findings from the Euro Heart Survey of stable angina. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1298-304 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl005
  17. Fretheim A, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 15. Disseminating and implementing guidelines. Health Res Policy Syst 2006;4:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-4-27
  18. Johannessen A, Omenaas E, Bakke P, Gulsvik A. Incidence of GOLD-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a general adult population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005;9:926-32
  19. Lindberg A, Jonsson AC, Ronmark E, Lundgren R, Larsson LG, Lundback B. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to BTS, ERS, GOLD and ATS criteria in relation to doctor's diagnosis, symptoms, age, gender, and smoking habits. Respiration 2005;72:471-9 https://doi.org/10.1159/000087670
  20. Dales RE, Vandemheen KL, Clinch J, Aaron SD. Spirometry in the primary care setting: influence on clinical diagnosis and management of airflow obstruction. Chest 2005;128:2443-7 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.4.2443
  21. Buffels J, Degryse J, Heyrman J, Decramer M. Office spirometry significantly improves early detection of COPD in general practice: the DIDASCO Study. Chest 2004;125:1394-9 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.4.1394
  22. Poels PJ, Schermer TR, van Weel C, Calverley PM. Spirometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMJ 2006;333:870-1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38987.478727.80
  23. Decramer M, Bartsch P, Pauwels R, Yernault JC. Management of COPD according to guidelines. A national survey among Belgian physicians. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003;59:62-80
  24. Maleki-Yazdi MR, Lewczuk CK, Haddon JM, Choudry N, Ryan N. Early detection and impaired quality of life in COPD GOLD stage 0: a pilot study. COPD 2007;4:313-20 https://doi.org/10.1080/15412550701595740
  25. Tashkin D, Kanner R, Bailey W, Buist S, Anderson P, Nides M, et al. Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1571-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04724-3