Clinical Features of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Adults according to the Risk of Aspiration

기도 흡인 위험도에 따른 성인의 기도 내 이물의 임상적 특징

  • Kim, Yee Hyung (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Cheon Woong (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Hye Sook (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Myung Jae (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Hong Mo (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo, Jee-Hong (Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine)
  • 김이형 (경희대학교 의과대학 동서신의학병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 최천웅 (경희대학교 의과대학 동서신의학병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 최혜숙 (동국대학교 의과대학 호흡기내과) ;
  • 박명재 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 강홍모 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 유지홍 (경희대학교 의과대학 동서신의학병원 호흡기내과)
  • Received : 2008.04.14
  • Accepted : 2008.04.24
  • Published : 2008.05.30

Abstract

Background: We wanted to examine the clinical characteristics of adult patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies (FBs) according to the risk of aspiration and the outcomes of intervention with using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Methods: From December 1994 through December 2004 at Kyung Hee Medical Center, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 29 adult patients with FBs that were identified by using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Results: 14 patients were not at risk of aspiration, whereas 15 had cerebrovascular diseases and they were at a high risk of aspiration. No history suggestive of FB aspiration was noted in 7 (24.1%) patients. Respiratory symptom(s) were noted in 22 patients, and these symptoms were cough (62.0%), dyspnea (44.8%), fever (20.7%), wheezing (13.8%), chest pain (10.3%) and hemoptysis (0.4%). Only 60% of those patients at a high risk of aspiration had symptom(s) (92.8% of those patients without a risk of aspiration had symptoms, p=0.005). Those patients at risk for aspiration had a longer duration of symptoms (median: 4 days vs. 2 days for those patients not at risk for aspiration, p=0.007) before diagnosis. Acute respiratory symptom(s) within 3 days after aspiration were more frequent in the patients without a risk of aspiration (9 vs. 4, respectively p=0.048). Chest x-ray revealed radiological abnormalities in 23 patients, and these were opacities suspicious of FB (n=11), pneumonia (n=8), air trapping (n=5) and atelectasis (n=3). There were no differences in radiological findings according to the risk of aspiration. FB aspiration developed most commonly during medical procedures (57.1% for the patients at risk) and during eating (35.7% for the patients without risk). The most common FB materials were teeth (n = 11). Alligator jaw biopsy forceps (n = 23) was the most commonly used equipment. All of the FBs were removed without significant complications. Conclusion: This study underlines that a tracheobronchial FB in the patients who are at a high risk of aspiration are more likely to overlooked because of the more gradual onset of symptoms and the symptoms develop iatrogenically in many cases.

연구배경: 국내에서 굴곡성 기관지경에 의해 기도 내 이물이 확인된 성인 환자에서 흡인의 위험도에 따른 임상적 특징 및 이물 제거 방법 및 결과에 대한 보고가 없어 본 연구를 계획하였다. 방법: 1994년 12월부터 2004년 12월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에서 굴곡성 기관지경을 시행하여 기도 내 이물이 확인되었던 29명의 성인 환자를 대상으로 면밀한 의무 기록을 바탕으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 14명은 흡인의 위험인자가 없었던 반면 15명은 흡인의 위험도가 높은 중추신경계 질환을 가지고 있었다. 전체 환자 중, 7명(24.1%)은 흡인에 대한 과거력이 없었다. 22명의 환자가 호흡기 증상이 확인되었는데, 기침(62.0%), 호흡곤란(44.8%), 발열(20.7%), 천명(13.8%), 흉통(10.3%) 및 객혈(0.4%) 순이었다. 흡인의 위험인자가 없는 환자의 92.8%가 증상이 발생한 반면 흡인 위험도가 높은 환자에서는 60%에서만 증상이 발생하였다(p=0.005). 또한 진단이 되기까지 증상 발생 기간이 각각 4일과 2일로 흡인 위험도가 높은 환자들에서 더 길었고(p=0.007), 3일 이내의 급성 호흡기 증상이 발생한 경우가 더 적었다(p=0.048). 6명(20.9%)의 환자가 단순 흉부 방사선에서 이상 소견이 없었던 반면 23명에서는 이물의 음영(11명), 폐렴(8명), air trapping(5명) 및 무기폐(3명) 등의 소견이 관찰되었다. 흡인의 위험도에 따른 기도 내 이물에 의한 방사선학적 특징에는 차이가 없었다. 흡인 위치로는 우측 기관지가 16예로 가장 많은 빈도를 보였고 우측 하엽 기관지가 가장 흔한 위치였다. 흡인 이물의 종류로는 치아가 11예로 가장 많은 빈도를 보였다. 흡인의 위험도가 높은 환자들에서 의학적 처기가 기도 내 이물 흡인이 발생하는 가장 흔한 경우였다. 모든 대상 환자의 기도 내 이물은 큰 부작용 없이 성공적으로 모두 제거되었으며 alligator jaw biopsy forceps이 이물 제거를 위해 가장 많이 사용되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 흡인의 위험도가 높은 환자에서는 이물 흡인의 과거력이 명확하지 않고 비전형적인 호흡기 증상을 보이는 경우가 많아 진단이 지연되거나 간과될 가능성이 높고 특히 의학적 처치 시 가장 많이 발생한다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 흡인의 위험성이 높은 환자에서 이물 흡인에 대한 적극적인 검사와 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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