References
- Craig CK, Benson MS, Pierson DJ. Prevention of arterial oxygen desaturation during closed airway endotracheal suctioning: effect of ventilator mode. Respir Care 1984; 29:1013-8.
- Skelley BF, Deeren SM, Powaser MM. The effectiveness of two preoxygenation methods to prevent endotracheal suction-induced hypoxemia. Heart Lung 1980;9:316-23.
- Walsh JM, Vanderwarf C, Hoscheit D, Fahey PJ. Unsuspected hemodynamic alterations during endotracheal suctioning. Chest 1989;95:162-5. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.95.1.162
- Clark AP, Winslow EH, Tyler DO, White KM. Effects of endotracheal suctioning on mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate in critically ill adults. Heart Lung 1990;19:552-7.
- Shim C, Fine N, Fernandez R, Williams MH Jr. Cardiac arrhythmias resulting from tracheal suctioning. Ann Intern Med 1969;71:1149-53. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-6-1149
- Durand M, Sangha B, Cabal LA, Hoppenbrouwers T, Hodgman JE. Cardiopulmonary and intracranial pressure changes related to endotracheal suctioning in preterm infants. Crit Care Med 1989;17:506-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198906000-00004
- Choong K, Chatrkaw P, Frndova H, Cox PN. Comparison of loss in lung volume with open versus in-line catheter endotracheal suctioning. Crit Care Med 2003;4:69-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00130478-200301000-00014
- Cobley M, Atkins M, Jones PL. Environmental contamination during tracheal suction: a comparison of disposable conventional catheters with a multiple-use closed system device. Anaesthesia 1991;46:957-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09858.x
- Bodai BI. A means of suctioning without cardiopulmonary depression. Heart Lung 1982;11:172-6.
- Cordero L, Sananes M, Ayers LW. Comparison of a closed (Trach Care MAC) with an open endotracheal suction system in small premature infants. J Perinatol 2000;20:151-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7200330
- Combes P, Fauvage B, Oleyer C. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a prospective randomized evaluation of the Stericath closed suctioning system. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:878-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340051276
- Deppe SA, Kelly JW, Thoi LL, Chudy JH, Longfield RN, Ducey JP, et al. Incidence of colonization, nosocomial pneumonia, and mortality in critically ill patients using a Trach Care closed-suction system versus an open-suction system: prospective, randomized study. Crit Care Med 1990;18:1389-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199012000-00016
- Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2619-30. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa052904
- Kollef MH. The prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1999;340:627-34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199902253400807
- Kerem E, Yatsiv I, Goitein KJ. Effect of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in children. Intensive Care Med 1990;16:95-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02575301
- DePew C, Moseley M, Clark EG, Morales CC. Open versus closed-system endotracheal suctioning: as cost comparison. Crit Care Nurse 1994;14:94-100.
- Lorente L, Lecuona M, Jimenez A, Mora ML, Sierra A. Tracheal suction by closed system without daily change versus open system. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:538-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-0057-6
- Sole ML, Poalillo FE, Byers JF, Ludy JE. Bacterial growth in secretions and on suctioning equipment of orally intubated patients: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care 2002;11: 141-9.
- Ritz R, Scott LR, Coyle MB, Pierson DJ. Contamination of a multiple-use suction catheter in a closed-circuit system compared to contamination of a disposable, single-use suction catheter. Respir Care 1986;31:1086-91.
- Rello J, Quintana E, Ausina V, Castella J, Luquin M, Net A, et al. Incidence, etiology and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1991;100:439-44. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.100.2.439
- Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y, Trouillet JL, Pierre J, Darne C, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation: prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:877-84. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/139.4.877
- Johnson KL, Kearney PA, Johnson SB, Niblett JB, MacMillan NL, McClain RE. Closed versus open endotracheal suctioning: costs and physiologic consequences. Crit Care Med 1994;22:658-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199404000-00023