References
- Berg, E.E. and Hamrick, J.L. 1995. Fine-scale genetic structure of a turkey oak forest. Evolution 49: 110-120 https://doi.org/10.2307/2410297
- Burns, R.M. and Honkala, B.H. (tech. cords). 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers. Agricultural Handbook 654, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington D.C
- Cheliak, W.M. and Pitel, J.A. 1984. Genetic control of allozyme variants in mature tissues of white spruce trees. Journal of Heredity 75: 34-40 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109861
- Chung, M.G., Chung, M.Y., Oh, G.S. and Epperson, B.K. 2000. Spatial genetic structure in a Neolitsea sericea population (Lauraceae). Heredity 85: 490-497 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00781.x
- Chung, M.Y., Nason, J., Chung, M.G., Kim, K.J., Park, C.W., Sun, B.Y. and Park, J.H. 2002. Landscape-level spatial genetic structure in Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae). American Journal of Botany 89(8): 1229-1236 https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.8.1229
- Conkle, M.T., Hodgskiss, P.D., Nunnally, L.B. and Hunter, S.C. 1982. Starch gel electrophoresis of pine seed: a laboratory manual. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-64. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, California, USA
- Degen, B., Petit, R. and Kremer, A. 2001. SGS-Spatial Genetic Software: a computer program for analysis of spatial genetic and phenotypic structures of individuals and populations. Journal of Heredity 92: 447-448 https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.5.447
- Dewey, S.E. and Heywood, J.S. 1988. Spatial genetic structure in a population of Psychotria nervosa. I. Distribution of genotypes. Evolution 42: 834-838 https://doi.org/10.2307/2408877
- Doligez, A. and Joly, H.I. 1997. Genetic diversity and spatial structure within a natural stand of a tropical forest tree species, Carapa procera (Meliaceae), in French Guiana. Heredity 79: 72-82 https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.124
- Epperson, B.K. 1992. Spatial structure of genetic variation within populations of forest trees. New Forests 6: 257-278 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120648
- Epperson, B.K. and Allard, R.W. 1989. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of the distribution of genotypes within populations of lodgepole pine. Genetics 121: 369-377
- Epperson, B.K. and Chung, M.G.. 2001. Spatial genetic structure of allozyme polymorphisms within populations of Pinus strobus (Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany 88: 1006-1010. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657081
- Farjon, A. and Rushforth, K.D. 1989. A classification of Abies Miller (Pinaceae). Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 46: 59-79
- Geburek, T. 1993. Are genes randomly distributed over space in mature populations of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Annals of Botany 71: 217-222 https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1027
- Geburek, T. and Tripp-Knowles, P. 1994. Genetic architecture in bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae), inferred by means of spatial autocorrelation analysis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 189: 63-74 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937578
- Gregorius, H.R. 1978. The concept of genetic diversity and its formal relationship to heterozygosity and genetic distance. Math Biosci 45: 253-271
- Hamrick, J.L., Godt, M.J.W. and Shermann-Broyles, S.L. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forests 6: 95-124 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120641
- Hamrick, J.L., Murawski, D.A. and Nason, J.D. 1993. The influence of seed dispersal mechanisms on the genetic structure of tropical tree species. Vegetatio 107: 281-297
- Hamrick, J.L. and Nason, J.D. 1996. Consequences of dispersal in plants. pp. 203-236. In: Rhodes, O.E., Chesser, R.K., and Smith, M.H. (eds) Population Dynamics in Ecological Space and Time, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
- Hardesty, B.D., Dick, C.W., Kremer, A., Hubbell, S. and Bermingham, E. 2005. Spatial genetic structure of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae), a dioecious, animal-dispersed Neotropical tree, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Heredity 95: 290-297 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800714
- Hong, K.N., Kwon, Y.J., Chung, J.M., Shin, C.H., Hong, Y.P. and Kang, B.Y. 2001. Spatial genetic structure at a Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) stand on Mt. Jumbong in Korea based on isozyme studies. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 90: 43-54 (in Korean)
- IUCN, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org
- Kang, B.Y. 2002. Spatial genetic structure, mating system and genetic conservation strategy in the natural populations of Korean fir (Abies koreana). Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University (in Korean)
- Kim, J.W. and Yoon, J.K (eds). 1994. Forest Tree Seeds and Nursery Practice. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (in Korean)
- Knowles, P. 1991. Spatial genetic structure within two natural stands of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Silvae Genetica 40: 13-19
- Knowles, P., Perry, D.J. and Foster, H.A. 1992. Spatial genetic structure in two tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Kock] populations with differing establishment histories. Evolution 46: 572-576 https://doi.org/10.2307/2409875
- Ledig, F.T. 1986. Heterozygosity, heterosis, and fitness in outcrossing plants. pp. 77-104. In: Soule, M.E. (ed). Conservation Biology: the Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass
- Ledig, F.T., Hodgskiss, P.D. and Johnson, D.R. 2006. Genetic diversity and seed production in Santa Lucia fir (Abies bracteata), a relict of the Miocene Broadleaved Evergreen Forest. Conservation Genetics 7: 783- 398, DOI 10.1007/s10592-005-9049-x
- Lee, S.W., Yang, B.H., Han, S.D., Song, J.H. and Lee, J.J. 2008. Genetic Variation of Natural Populations of Abies nephrolepis Max. in South Korea. Annals of Forest Science 62: 302p1-302p7, DOI: 10.1051 https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004088
- Lee, T.B. 1990. Dendrology, 4th edition, Hyang Moon Sa Publishing, Seoul (in Korean)
- Legendre, P. and Fortin, M.J. 1989. Spatial patterns and ecological analysis. Vegetatio 80: 107-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048036
- Liu, T.S. 1971. A Monograph of the Genus Abies, The Department of Forestry College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University
- Manly, B.F.J. 1997. Randomization, Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology. Chapman & Hill, London
- Parker, K.C., Hamrick, J.L., Parker, A.J. and Nason, J.D. 2001. Fine-scale genetic structure in Pinus clausa (Pinaceae) populations: effects of disturbance history. Heredity 87: 99-113 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00914.x
- Pascual, L., Garcia, F.J. and Perfectti, F. 1993. Inheritance of isozyme variations in seed tissues of Abies pinsapo Boiss. Silvae Genetica 42: 335-340
- Perry, D.J. and Knowles, P. 1991. Spatial genetic structure within three sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands. Heredity 66: 137-142 https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1991.17
- Ripley, B.D. 1981. Spatial Statistics. Probability and Mathematical Statistics Series. Wiley, New York
- Schnabel, A. and Hamrick, J.L. 1995. Understanding the population genetic structure of Gleditsia triacanthos L.: The scale and pattern of pollen gene flow. Evolution 49: 921-931 https://doi.org/10.2307/2410414
- Smouse, P.E. and Peakall, R. 1999. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of individual multiallele and multilocus genetic structure. Heredity 82: 561-573 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6885180
- Sokal, R.R. and Wartenberg, D.E. 1983. A test of spatial autocorrelation analysis using an isolation-by-distance model. Genetics 105: 219-237
- Streiff, R., Labbe, T., Bacilieri, R., Steinkellner, H., Glössl, J. and Kremer, A. 1998. Within-population genetic structure in Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl. assessed with isozymes and microsatellites. Molecular Ecology 7: 317-328 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1998.00360.x
- Suyama, Y., Tsumura, Y. and Ohba, K. 1992. Inheritance of isozyme variants and allozyme diversity of Abies mariesii in three isolated natural populations. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 74: 65-73
- Suyama, Y., Yoshimaru, H. and Tsumura, Y. 2000. Molecular phylogenetic position of Japanese Abies (Pinaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 271-277 https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0795
- Ueno, S., Tomaru, N., Yoshimaru, H., Manabe, T. and Yamamoto, S. 2000. Genetic structure of Camellia japonica L. in an old-growth evergreen forest, Tsushima, Japan. Molecular Ecology 9: 647-656 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00891.x
- Weeden, N.F. and Wendel, J.F. 1989. Genetics of plant isozymes. pp. 46-72. In: Soltis, D.E. and Soltis, P.S. (eds) Isozymes in Plant Biology. Dioscorides Press, Portlad, Oregon
- Williams, C.G. and Savolainen, O. 1996. Inbreeding depression in conifers. Forest Science 41: 1-20
- Wright, S. 1978. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, vol. 4, Variability Within and Among Natural Populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
- Xiang, Q.P., Xiang, Q.Y., Liston, A. and Zhang, X.C. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships in Abies (Pinaceae): evidence from PCR-RFLP of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region
- Yeh, F.C. and Boyle, T. 1999. POPGENE Version 1.31, http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/