DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii in standard animal models

  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic effects in Brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Croton roxburghii was also evaluated by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (CECR) exhibited significant anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (55.32%) was notedat the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the Indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.33% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CECR (200 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 52.32% and 56.32% respectively. The extract also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Thus, the present study revealed that the CECR exhibited significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tested animal models.

Keywords

References

  1. Alcaraz MJ, Jimenez MI. (1988) Flavonoids as antiinflammatory agents. Fitoterapia 59, 25-38
  2. Arrigoni-Maratellie E. (1988) Inflammation and Antiinflammatory: Spectrum Publication Inc, New York, pp. 119-120
  3. Basso LA, da Silva LH, Fett-Neto AG, de Azevedo Jr WF, Moreira Ide S, Palma MS, Calixto JB, Astolfi Filho S, dos Santos RR, Soares MB, Santos DS. (2005) The use of biodiversity as source of new chemical entities against defined molecular targets for treatment of malaria, tuberculosis, and T-cell mediated diseases. a Review. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 100, 475-506 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762005000600001
  4. Cai Y, Evans FJ, Roberts MF, Phillipson JD, Zenk MH, Gleba YY. (1991) Polyphenoli compounds from Croton lechleri. Phytochemistry 30, 2033-2040 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85063-6
  5. Castro J, Sasame H, Sussaman H, Buttette P. (1968) Diverse effect of SKF 52 and antioxidants of $CCl_4$ induced changes in liver microsomal P-450 content and ethyl-morphine metabolism. Life Sci. 7, 83-86
  6. Dunne MW. (1990) Pathophysiology: “Concepts of altered Health States with Contributors”, ed. by Porth C.M., Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp. 165-176
  7. Gilman AG, Rav TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. (1990) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Pergamon Press, NY, p. 935
  8. Hermandez J, Delgado G. (1992) Determination of free and total cholesterol by direct chloroform extraction. J. Biol. Chem. 180, 315-328
  9. Kobayashi H, Ishizuka T, Okayama Y. (2000) Human mast cells and basophils as sources of cytokines. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 30, 1205-1212 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00808.x
  10. Litchfield JT, Jr Wilcoxon F. (1949) A simplified of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96, 99-135
  11. Loux JJ, Depalma PD, Yankell SC (1972) Antipyretic testing of aspirin in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 22, 672-675 https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(72)90295-5
  12. Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukherjee PK. (1998) Studies on anti-inflammatory effect of Cassia tora leaf extract (Fam.Legumirosae). Phytother. Res. 12, 221-223 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199805)12:3<221::AID-PTR221>3.0.CO;2-L
  13. Marone G, Galli SJ, Kitamura Y. (2002) Probing the roles of mast cells and basophils in natural and acquired immunity, physiology and disease. Trends Immunol. 23, 425-427 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4906(02)02274-3
  14. Maurer M, Theoharides T, Granstein RD, Bischoff SC, Bienenstock J, Henz B, Kovanen P, Piliponsky AM, Kambe N, Vliagoftis H, Levi-Schaffer F, Metz M, Miyachi Y, Befus D, Forsythe P, Kitamura Y, Galli S. (2003) What is the physiological function of mast cells? Exp. Dermatol. 12, 886-910 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.0109a.x
  15. Milton AS. (1982) Prostaglandins and fever. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 40, 490-492 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(82)91250-0
  16. Parmar NS, Ghosh MN. (1978) Anti-inflammatory activity of gossypin bioflavonoid isolated from Hibscus Viofolius Linn. Indian J. Pharmacol. 10, 227- 293
  17. Persinos Perdue G, Blomster RN, Blake DA, Farnsworth. (1979) South American Plants II: Taspine Isolation and Anti-inflammatory activity. J. Pharm. Sci. 68, 124 https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600680145
  18. Porras-Reyes BH, Lewis WH, Roman J, Simchowitz L, Mustoe TA. (1993) Enhancement of wound healing by the alkaloid taspine defining mechanism of action. Pro. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 203, 18-25
  19. Rama Rao N, Henry AN. (1997) Ethanobotany of Easternghats of Andhra Pradesh, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, pp.68, 150
  20. Schwartz LB. (1987) Mediators of human mast cells and human mast cell subsets. Ann. Allergy 58, 226-235
  21. Smith PK, Hambourger WE. (1935) The ratio of toxicity of acetanilide to its antipyretic in Rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 54, 346-348
  22. Serafin WE, Austen KF. (1987) Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 30-34
  23. Tetlow LC, Woolley DE. (1995) Distribution, activation and tryptase/ chymase phenotype of mast cells in the rheumatoid lesion. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 54, 549-555 https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.54.7.549
  24. Theoharides TC. (1996) The mast cell: a neuroimmunoendocrine master player. Int. J. Tissue React. 18, 1-21
  25. Theoharides TC. (2002) Mast cell and stress: a psychoneuroimmunological perspective. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 22, 103-108 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200204000-00001
  26. Theoharides TC, Cochrane DE. (2004) Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and he effect of acute stress. J. Neuroimmunol. 146, 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.041
  27. Vaisberg AJ, Milla M, Planas MC, Cordova JL, de Agusti ER, Ferreyra R, Mustiga MC, Carlin L, Hammond GB. (1989) Taspine is the cicatrizant principle in Sangre de Grado extracted from Croton lechleri. Planta Med. 55, 140-143 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961907
  28. Wasserman SI. (1984) The mast cell and synovial inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 27, 841-844 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780270801
  29. Winter CA, Poster CC. (1957) Effect of alteration in side chain upon anti-inflammatory and liver glycogen activities in hydrocortisone esters. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 46, 515-519
  30. Winter CA, Risely EA, Nuss GW. (1962) Carregeenin induced oedema in bind paw of he rat as assay for anti-inflammatory drugs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 111, 544-547
  31. Wintrobe MM, Lee GR, Boggs DR, Bithel TC, Athens JW, Foerester J. (1961) In: Clinical Hematology, 5th ed, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 326