DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

순산소 및 배가스 재순환 연소 기술

Oxy-Fuel and Flue Gas Recirculation Combustion Technology: A Review

  • 김현준 (한국과학기술원 대학원 기계공학과) ;
  • 최원영 (한국과학기술원 대학원 기계공학과) ;
  • 배수호 (한국과학기술원 대학원 기계공학과) ;
  • 신현동 (한국과학기술원 기계공학과)
  • 발행 : 2008.10.01

초록

Oxy-fuel combustion is a reliable way for the reduction of pollutants, the higher combustion efficiency and the separation of carbon dioxide. The review of recent research trends and the prospects of oxy-fuel combustion were presented. The difference in characteristics among oxy-fuel combustion, conventional air combustion, oxy-fuel combustion with flue gas recirculation (FGR) technique was investigated. Recent experiments of oxy-fuel combustion with/without FGR were surveyed in various ways which are optimized burner design, flame characteristics, the soot emission, the radiation effect, the NOx reduction and the corrosion of combustor. Numerical simulation is more important in oxy-fuel combustion because flame temperature is so high that conventional measurement devices have a restricted application. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemical reaction mechanisms for oxy-fuel combustion were investigated. Combustion models suitable for the numerical simulation of non-premixed oxy-fuel flame were surveyed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chae, J. O., Chun, Y. N. and Kim, Y. K., 1990, "An Experimental Study of Effect of NO Formation in Turbulent Diffusion Flames by Oxygen Enrichment Combustion" Trans. of the KSME, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1022-1032
  2. Noh, D., 2004, "Environmentally Friendly Industrial Combustion Technologies," Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-7
  3. Kim, T. S., Hong, K. Y., Pae. C. U., and Paik, I. H., 2005, "A Case Report:Effect of Aripiprazole for A Patient with Psychotic Symptoms and Parkinsonism Associated with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning," The Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 163-168
  4. Song, D. W., 2006, "Air Pollution Analysis in Wonju City," Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 30-36
  5. Lee, C. Y., Kim, D. M. and Baek, S. W., 2006, "The Effects of Advanced Reburning with SNCR on NOx and CO Reduction," Trans. of the KSME (B), Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 788-795 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2006.30.8.788
  6. Sohn, J. R., Moon, K. W. and Mo, S. Y., 2001, "Characteristics of Limestone Regeneration in the Wet Limestone FGD Process," Korean Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 9-14
  7. Hong, M. S., Lee, D. S., Oh, P. K. and Lee, J. C., 1998, "A Study on the Removal of SOx and NOx using Catalytic Ceramic Filters," Journal of Korean Air Pollution Research Association, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 455-463
  8. Ghoniem, "Emission Control in Combustion Processes," Lecture Note, 2003
  9. U. S. Department of Energy, 2003, "Basic Research Need for a Hydrogen Economy," Office of Science, Chicago, pp. 9-11
  10. Kim, J. S., 2008, "Counter Strategies and Fundamentals of Climate Change," The $36^{th}$ KOSCO Symposium, pp. 307
  11. Rubin, E., Meyer, L. and Coninck, H., 2005, Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage: Technical Summary, IPCC special report, pp. 19-48
  12. Terry F. Wall, 2007, "Combustion Processes for Carbon Capture," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 31
  13. Michael J. Prather and Jennifer A. Logan, "Combustion's Impact on the Global Atmosphere," 25 Symposium (International) on Combustion, pp. 1513-1527, 1994
  14. Kim, E. T., 2005, "Automotive Industry News," Auto Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 69-81
  15. Lambert, J., Sorin, M. and Paris, J., 1997, "Analysis of Oxygen-Enriched Combustion for Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)," Energy, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 817-825 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00170-3
  16. Kwark, J. H., Jeon, C. H. and Chang, Y. J., 2004, "Combustion Characteristics of a Turbulent Diffusion Flat Flame According to Oxygen Enriched Concentration of Combustion Air," Trans. of the KSME (B), Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 281-288
  17. Charles E. anf Baukal, Jr., 1998, "Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion," CRC Press
  18. Kim, Hyeon Jun, Choi, Wonyoung, Bae, Soo Ho, Hong, Jung Goo and Shin, Hyun Dong, 2008, "A Study on Oxy-Fuel Combustion System with Multi-Jet Burner - Numerical Simulation with PDF Combustion Model," Transactions of the KSME(B), Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 504-512 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2008.32.7.504
  19. Anders, Brink, Mikko, Hupa, Frederic, Breussin, Nicholas, Lallemant and Roman, Weber, 2000, "Modeling of Oxy-Natural Gas Combustion Chemistry," Journal of propulsion and power, Vol. 16, No. 4
  20. Lewis, Bernard and Von Elbe, Guenther, 1987, "Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases," Academic press, Inc., $3^{rd}$ ed
  21. Kim, Ho-Keun and Kim, Yong-Mo, 2005, "Length Characteristic for Varying Nozzle Diameter to Develop Oxy-Fuel Combustor," Transaction of KSME(B), Vol. 29, No 7, pp. 861-867 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2005.29.7.861
  22. Mark Atkinson, John Barry, David Boone, Mario Ciampini, Joseph Greene, Alex Marker, Bill Pasley, Preston L. "Pete" Roberts, Steve Sikirica, and Anthony Wright, 2007, "Improving Process Heating System Performance: A Source of Industry," DOE and the Industrial Heating Equipment Association (IHEA) $2^{nd}$ed
  23. Chatel-Pelage, F., 2003, Advanced, Low/Zero Emission Boiler Design and Operation:Quarterly Technical Progress Report, U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FC26-02NT41586
  24. Ochs, T. L., 2003, Capture of $CO_2$ from Recirculating Flue Gas Boilers, U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ARC-2003-005
  25. Naik, Sameer V. and Laurendeau, Normand M., 2002, "Quantitative Laser-Saturated Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in Counter-Flow Diffusion Flames under Sooting Oxy-Fuel Conditions," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 129, pp. 112-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00364-9
  26. Sautet, J. C., Salentey, L., Ditaranto, M. and Samaniego, J. M., 2001, "Length of Natural Gas-Oxygen Non-Premixed Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 166, No. 1, 131-150 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200108907823
  27. Choi, Wonyoung, Kim, Hyeon Jun, Park, Jang Hee and Shin, Hyun Dong, 2007, "Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of $CO_2$ mixed Oxyfuel Combustion in a Lab-scale Furnace," KSME, Spring Annual Conference, pp. 1-6
  28. Kim, Hyeon Jun, Choi Won Young, Bae, Su Ho and Shin, Hyun Dong, 2007, "Mixing Characteristics of Fuel and Oxidizer at Multi-Jet Burner in Oxygen-LPG Flame," KSME, Spring Annual Conference, pp. 1-6
  29. Heitor, M. V. and Moreira, A. L. N., 1992, "On the Analysis of Turbulent Transport Processes in Nonreacting Multijet Burner Flows," Experiments in Fluids 13, 179-189 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218165
  30. Sautet, J. -C., Boushaki, T., Salentey, L. and Labegorre, B., 2006, "Oxy-Combustion Properties of Interacting Separated Jets," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 178, No. 12, pp. 2075-2096 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200600860657
  31. Ditaranto, M., Sautet, J. C. and Samaniego, J. M., 2001 "Structural Aspects of Coaxial Oxy-Fuel Flames," Experiments in Fluids, pp. 253-261 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003480000161
  32. Kim, Ho-Keun, Lee, Sang-Min, Ahn, Kook-Young and Kim, Yong-Mo, 2005, "Combustion Characteristics for Varying Flow Velocity on Methane/Oxygen Diffusion Flames," Transactions of the KSME(B), Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 1277-1284 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2005.29.11.1277
  33. Kim, Ho Keun and Kim, Yongmo, 2007, "Studies on Combustion Characteristics and Flame Length of Turbulent Oxy-Fuel Flames," Energy and Fuels, Vol. 21, pp. 1459-1467 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060346g
  34. Delichatsios, M. A., 1993, "Transition from Momentum to Buoyancy-Controlled Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames and Flame Height Relationships," Combustion and Flame Vol. 92, pp. 349-364 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(93)90148-V
  35. Moore, Jeffrey D., Risha, Grant A., Kuo, Kenneth K. and D'Agostini, Mark D., 2005, "Effect of Reactant Initial Temperature on Methane/Oxygen Diffustion Flame Stability in a Furnace," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 177, No. 11, pp. 2069-2089 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200500240265
  36. Moore, Jeffrey D. and Kuo, Kenneth K., 2008, "Effect of Switching Methane/Oxygen Reactants in a Coaxial Injector on the Stability of Non-Premixed Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 180, No. 3, pp. 401-417 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701780887
  37. Seo, Jeong Il, Guahk, Young Tae, Bae, Soo Ho, Hong, Jung Goo, Lee, Uen Do, and Shin, Hyun Dong, 2005, "Experimental Study on the Oxygen Combustion Characteristics with $CO_2$ Feeding," KOSCO Journal, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 26-34
  38. Ditaranto, Mario and Hals, Jorgen, 2006, "Combustion Instabilities in Sudden Expansion Oxy–Fuel Flames," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 146 pp. 493-512 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.015
  39. Lutz, A. E., Kee, R. J., and Grcar, J. F., 1996, "OPPDIF: A Fortran Program for Computing Opposedflow Diffusion Flames," Sandia National Laboratories Report No. SAND96.8243
  40. Naik, Sameer V., Laurendeau, Normand M., Cooke, James A., and Smooke, Mitchell D., 2003, "Effect of Radiation on Nitric Oxide Concentration under Sooting Oxy-Fuel Conditions," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 134, pp. 425-431 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00140-8
  41. Wang, L., Endrud, N. E., Turns, S. R., D'Agostini, M. D. and Slavejkov, A. G., 2002, "A Study of the Influence of Oxygen Index on Soot, Radiation, and Emission Characteristics of Turbulent Jet Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 174, No. 8, pp. 45-72 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200290021245
  42. Hwang, S. S. and Gore, J. P., 2002, "Characteristics of Combustion and Radiation Heat Transfer of an Oxgen-Enhanced Flame Burner," J. Power and Energy Part A, Vol. 216
  43. Cheng, Zhongxian, Pitz, Robert W., Bennett, Beth Anne V. and Smooke, Mitchell D., 2004, "Oxygen-Enhanced High Temperature Laminar Coflow Flames," 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 11-14 July
  44. Andersson, Klas, and Johnsson Filip, 2007, "Flame and Radiation Characteristics of Gas-Fired $O_2/CO_2$ Combustion," Fuel, Vol. 86, pp. 656-668 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.013
  45. Hainsworth, Douglas, Pourkashanian, M., Richardson, Andrew P., Rupp, Joanne L. and Williams, Alan, 1996, "The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Smoke Formation and Stability in Methan-Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Flames," Fuel Vol. 75 No. 3, pp. 393-396 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00265-0
  46. Hedley, J. T., Pourkashanian, M., Williams, A. and Yap, L. T., 1995, "$NO_x$ Formation in Large-Scale Oxy-Fuel Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 108, No. 4, pp.311-322 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209508960404
  47. Sung, C. J. and Law, C. K., 1998, "Dominant Chemistry and Physical Factors Affecting NO Formation and Control in Oxy-Fuel Burning," $27^{th}$ Int. Symposium on Combustion, pp. 1411-1418
  48. Samaniego, J.-M., Labegorre, B., Egolfopoulos, F. N., Ditaranto, M., Sautet, J.-C. and Charon, O., 1998, "Mechanism of Nitric Oxide Formation in Oxygen-Natural Gas Combustion," Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion/The Combustion Institute, pp. 1385-1392
  49. Kuligowski, F. Frank and Laurendeau, Normandm, 1997, "Short Communication Effect of Oxygen Content on NOx Emission Index for Nonpremixed CH4—O2/N2 Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 423-430 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209708935752
  50. Naik, Sameer V. and Laurendeau, Normand M., 2002, "Laser-Saturated and Linear Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in Counterflow Diffusion Flames under Non-Sooting Oxygen-Enhanced Conditions," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 174, No. 2, pp.1-21 https://doi.org/10.1080/714922744
  51. Kim, Ho Keun and Kim, Yongmo, 2006, "Emission Characteristics of the 0.03 MW Oxy-Fuel Combustor," Energy and Fuels, Vol. 20, pp. 2125-2130 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050232p
  52. Kim, Ho Keun, Kim, Yongmo, Lee, Sang Min and Ahn, Kook Young, 2007, "NO Reduction in 0.03-0.2MW Oxy-fuel Combustor using Flue Gas Recirculation Technology," Proceeding of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 31, pp. 3377-3384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.083
  53. Park, Jeong, Park, June Sung, Kim, Hyun Pyo, Kim, Jeong Soo, Kim, Sung Cho, Choi, Jong Geun, Cho, Han Chang, Cho, Kil Won and Park, Heung Soo, 2007, "NO Emission Behavior in Oxy-fuel Combustion Recirculated with Carbon Dioxide," Energy and Fuels, Vol. 21, pp. 121-129 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060309p
  54. Bordenet, B., 2008, "Influence of Novel Cycle Concepts on the High-temperature Corrosion of Power Plants," Materials and Corrosion Vol. 59, No. 5, pp.361-366 https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.200804116
  55. Sobue, Kazuharu, Sugahara, Akifumi, Nakata, Takeshi, Imai, Hachiro, Magaino and Shin'ichi, 2003, "Effect of Free Carbon Dioxide on Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Simulated Water," Surface and Coatings Technology Vol. Vol. 169-.170, pp. 662-665 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00049-5
  56. Chang, Yao-Nan, Wei, Feng-I, 1989, "Review High Temperature Oxidation of Low Alloy Steels," Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 24, pp. 14-22 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00660927
  57. Kee, R. J., Rupley, F. M., Miller, J. A., Coltrin, M. E., Grcar, J. F., Meeks, E., Moffat, H. K., Lutz, A. E., Dixon-Lewis, G., Smooke, M. D., Warnatz, J., Evans, G. H., Larson, R. S., Mitchell, R. E., Petzold, L. R., Reynolds, W. C., Caracotsios, M., Stewart, W. E., Glarborg, P., Wang, C., Adigun, O., Houf, W. G., Chou, C. P. and Miller, S. F., 2002, "Chemkin Collection, Technical Report Release 3.7," Reaction Design, Inc., San Diego, CA
  58. Westbrook, Charles K. and Dryer, Frederick L., 1984, "Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Hydrocarbon Combustion," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 10, pp. 1-57 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(84)90118-7
  59. GRI 3.0 (access date: Jun 20, 2008)
  60. Yang, Weihong and Blasiak, Wlodzimierz, 2005, "Numerical Study of Fuel Temperature Influence on Single Gas Jet Combustion in Highly Preheated and Oxygen Deficient Air," Energy, Vol. 30, pp.385-398 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.05.011
  61. Frassoldati, A., Frigerio, S., Colombo, E., Inzoli, F., and Faravelli, T., 2005, "Determination of NOx Emissions from Strong Swirling Confined Flames with an Integrated CFD-based Procedure," Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 60, pp. 2851-2869 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.038
  62. Ilbas, Mustafa, 2005, "The Effect of Thermal Radiation and Radiation Models on Hydrogen Hydrocarbon Combustion Modelling," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 30, pp. 1113-1126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.10.009
  63. Ilbas Mustafa, Yılmaz Ilker, Kaplan Yuksel, 2005, "Investigations of Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Hydrocarbon Composite Fuel Combustion and $NO_x$ Emission Characteristics in a Model Combustor," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 30, pp. 1139-1147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.10.016
  64. [N2 (access date: Jun 20, 2008)]
  65. [CO2(access date: Jun 20, 2008)
  66. [H2O (access date: Jun 20, 2008)]
  67. Suh, Jaeil and Atreya, Arvind, 1995, "The Effect of Water Vapor on Counterflow Diffusion Flames," International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering, September 10-15, Orlando, FL Proceedings
  68. Müller-Dethlefs, K. and Schlader, A.F., 1976, "The Effect of Steam on Flame Temperature, Burning Velocity and Carbon Formation in Hydrocarbon Flames," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 27, pp. 205-215 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(76)90023-7
  69. Grosshandler, William L., 1980, "Radiative Heat Transfer In Nonhomogeneous Gases: A Simplified Approach," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 23, pp.1447-1459 https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(80)90149-0
  70. Glarborg, Peter and Bentzen, Line L. B., 2008, "Chemical Effects of a High $CO_2$ Concentration in Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Methane," Energy and Fuels, Vol. 22, pp. 291-296 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef7005854
  71. Han Ji-Woong, and Lee Chang-Eon, 2004, "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Detailed Methane Reaction Mechanisms in Oxygen Enriched Conditions," Transactions of the KSME (B), Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 207-214 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2004.28.2.207
  72. Miller, J.A., and Bowman, C.T., 1989, "Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 15, pp. 287-338 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(89)90017-8
  73. Lee, K.Y., Nam, T. H., You, H.S. and Choi, D.S., 2002, "The Flame Structure of Freely Propagating $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ Premixed Flames on the O2 Enrichment," Transaction of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 26. No.4, pp. 555-560 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2002.26.4.555
  74. Ju, Yiguang, Guo, Hongsheng, Maruta, Kaoru and Liu Fengshan, 1997, "On the Extinction Limit and Flammability Limit of Non-Adiabatic Stretched Methane-Air Premixed Flames," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 342, pp. 315-334 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112097005636
  75. Jahn, G., 1934 "Der Zundvorgang in Gasgemischen," Ph. D. Thesis, Oldenbourg, Berlin
  76. Morgan, G. H. and Kane, W. R., 1953, "Some Effects of Inert Diluents on Flame Speeds and Temperature," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 4, pp. 313-320
  77. Yetter, R. A., Dryer F. L. and Rabitz, H., 1991, "A Comprehensive Reaction Mechanism for Carbon Monoxide/Hydrogen/Oxygen Kinetics," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 79, pp. 97-128 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209108951759
  78. Han, Ji-Woong, Kum, Sung-Min, Lee, Chang-Eon, 2005, "Investigation on Thermal and Chemical Effects of $CO_2$ in Oxygen Enriched Flame," Transactions of the KSME (B), Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 617-624 https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2005.29.5.617
  79. Norbert Peters, 2000, "Turbulent Combustion," Cambridge Univ. Press
  80. Poinsot, Tierry, and Veynante, Denis, 2001, "Theoretical and Numerical Combustion," R.T. Edwards.Inc
  81. Vervisch L. and Veynante, D., 1999, "Introduction to Turbulent Combustion," Von Karman Institute, Lecture Series 1999-04
  82. Versteeg, H.K. and Malalasekera, W., 1995, "An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics," Longman
  83. Ishii, T., Zhang, C. and Sugiyama, S., 1998, "Numerical Simulations of Highly Preheated Air combustion in an Industrial Furnace," Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 120
  84. Ishii, T., Zhang, C. and Sugiyama, S., 2000, "Effects of NO Models on the Prediction of NO Formation in Regenerative Furnace," Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 122
  85. Kim Jong Gyu, Huh Kang Y. and Kim Il Tae, 2007, "Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Walking-Beam-Type Slab Reheating Furnace in Hot Strip Mills," Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 589-609 https://doi.org/10.1080/104077800750021152
  86. Liu, F., Guo, H., Smallwood, G. J., Gulder, O. L. and Matovic, M. D., 2002, "A Robust and Accurate Algorithm of the $\eta$-pdf Integration and Its Application to Turbulent Methane-Air Diffusion Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor Simulator," International Journal of Thermal Science, Vol. 41, pp. 763 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1290-0729(02)01370-4
  87. Jiang, Lei-Yong and Campbell, Ian, 2005, "A Critical Evaluation of NOx Modeling in a Model Combustor," Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 127
  88. Fluent User's Guide, Dec., 2001
  89. Kim, G. H. and Kim, Y. M., 2005, "Non-Adiabatic Flamelet Modeling for Combustion Processes of Oxy-Natural Gas Flame," Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No.9, pp. 1781-1789 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02984190
  90. Lallement, N., Dugue, J., and Weber, R., "Analysis of the Experimental Data Collected during the OXYFLAME-1 and OXYFLAME-2 Experiments," IFRF, Doc. No. F85/y/4
  91. Myhrvold, T., Ertesvag, I. S., Gran, I. R., Cabra, R. and Chen, J. Y., 2006, "A Numerical Investigation of a Lifted $H_2/N_2$ Turbulent Jet Flame in A Vitiated Coflow," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 178, No. 6, pp. 1001-1030 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200500270106
  92. Jessee, J. P., GANSMAN, Ft. F. and Fiveland, W. A., 1997, "Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Turbulent Natural Gas Flames Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 129, No.1, pp. 113-140 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209708935722
  93. Gran, Inge R. and Magnussen, Bjørn F., 1996, "A Numerical Study of a Bluff-Body Stabilized Diffusion Flame. Part 2. Influence of Combustion Modeling And Finite-Rate Chemistry," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 119, No. 1, pp. 191-217 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209608951999
  94. Kjäldman, L., Brink, A. and Hupa, M., 2000, "Micro Mixing Time in the Eddy Dissipation Concept," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 154, No. 1, pp. 207-227 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200008947277
  95. Cabra, R., Myhrvold, T., Chen, J. Y., Dibble, R. W., Karpetis, A. N. and Barlow, R. S., 2002, "Simultaneous LASER Raman-Rayleigh-LIF Measurements and Numerical Modeling Results of a Lifted Turbulent H2/N2 Jet Flame in a Vitiated Coflow," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 29, pp. 1881-1888 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80228-0
  96. Habibi, A., Merci,and B. and Heynderickx, G. J., 2007, "Multiscale Modeling of Turbulent Combustion and NOx Emission in Steam Crackers," AIChE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers) Journal Vol. 53, No. 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11042
  97. Fouzi Tabet-Helal, Brahim Sarh and Iskender Gokalp, 2007, "Contribution to Numerical Modelling of Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames," 21st ICDERS, July 23-27
  98. Christo, F. C., and Dally, B. B., 2005, "Modeling Turbulent Reacting Jets Issuing into a Hot and Diluted Coflow," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 142, pp. 117-129 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.002
  99. Cuoci, A., Frassoldati, A., Ferraris, G. Buzzi, Faravelli, T. and Ranzi, E., 2007, "The Ignition, Combustion and Flame Structure of Carbon Monoxide/Hydrogen Mixtures. Note 2: Fluid Dynamics and Kinetic Aspects of Syngas Combustion," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, accepted 21 February
  100. Stefanidis, G. D., Merci, B., Heynderickx, G. J., Marin, G. B., 2006, "CFD Simulations of Steam Cracking Furnaces Using Detailed Combustion Mechanisms," Computers and Chemical Engineering Vol. 30, pp. 635-649 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.11.010
  101. Gran, Inge R., ErtesvEag, Ivar S., and Magnussen, B. F., 1997, "Influence of Turbulence Modeling on Predictions of Turbulent Combustion," AIAA Journal, Vol. 35, No. 1, January https://doi.org/10.2514/2.69
  102. Kim, H.S., Shin, M.S., Cho, J.Y., Chang, D.S., Lee, D.G., 2007, "Combustion Characteristics of Pulverized Coal in an Oxygen Enriched Environment," KOSAE, Environmental Societies Joint Conference, pp. 1761-1763
  103. Breussin F., Lallemant N., and Weber R., 2000, "Computing of Oxy-Natural Gas Flames using Both a Global Combustion Scheme and a Chemical Equilibrium Procedure," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 160, Issue 1, pp. 369-397 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200008935808

피인용 문헌

  1. Experimental Study of Effect of CO2 vol.34, pp.4, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2010.34.4.409