Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Laboratory/In situ Sound Velocities of Shelf Sediments in the South Sea of Korea

  • Kim, Dae-Choul (Department of Environmental Exploration Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Gil-Young (Petroleum & Marine Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Jung, Ja-Hun (Department of Environmental Exploration Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Seo, Young-Kyo (Department of Environmental Exploration Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Wilkens, Roy H. (Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa) ;
  • Yoo, Dong-Geun (Petroleum & Marine Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee, Gwang-Hoon (Department of Environmental Exploration Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Chang (Training Ship, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Yi, Hi-Il (Ocean Environment and Characteristics Research Division, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Cifci, Gunay (Institute of Marine Sciences ad Technology)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Compressional sound velocities of shelf sediments in the South Sea of Korea, were measured in situ and in the laboratory for six cores. In situ sound velocity was measured using the Acoustic Lance (frequency of 7.5-15 kHz), while laboratory velocity was measured by the pulse transmission technique (frequency of 1MHz). Physical properties were relatively uniform with sediment depth, suggesting little effect of sediment compaction and/or consolidation. Average in situ velocity at each core site ranged from 1,457 to 1,488 m/s, which was less than the laboratory velocity of 1,503 and 1,604m/s. In muddy sediments the laboratory velocity was 39-47 m/s higher than in situ velocity. In sandy sediments, the difference was greater by an average of 116 m/s. Although the velocity data were corrected by the velocity ratio method based on bottom water temperature, the laboratory velocity was still higher than the in situ velocity (11-21 m/s in muddy sediments and 91 m/s in sandy sediments). This discrepancy may be caused by sediment disturbance during core collection and/or by the pressure of Acoustic Lance insertion, but it was most likely due to the frequency difference between in situ and laboratory measurement systems. Thus, when correcting laboratory velocity to in situ velocity, it is important to consider both temperature and frequency.

Keywords

References

  1. Barbagelata, A., M. Richardson, B. Miaschi, E. Muzi, P. Guerrini, L. Troiano and T. Akal. 1991. ISSAMS: An in situ sediment acoustic measurement system. In: Shear Wave in Marine Sediment, Hovem, J.M., M.D. Richardson, R.D. Stoll, eds. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 305-312
  2. Best, A.B., Q.J. Huggett and A.J.K. Harris. 2001. Com-parison of in situ and laboratory acoustic measure-ments on Lough Hyne marine sediments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110, 695-709 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1382616
  3. Biot, M.A. 1956. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. I. Low frequency range. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 28, 168-178 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1908239
  4. Birch, F. 1960. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks up to 10 kilobars. J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1083-1102 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ065i004p01083
  5. Boyce, R.E. 1976. Definitions and laboratory techniques of compressional sound velocity parameters and wet-water content, wet-bulk density, and porosity para-meters by gravimetric and gamma ray attenuation techniques. In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), Schlanger, S.O. and E.D. Jackson, eds. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA, 931-958
  6. Buckingham, M.J. 2004. Compressional and shear wave properties of marine sediments: Comparisons between theory and data. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117, 137-152 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1810231
  7. Chen, C.T. and F.J. Millero. 1977. Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 62, 1129-1135 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.381646
  8. Clay, C.S. and H. Medwin. 1977. Acoustical Oceanogra-phy Principles and Applications. Wiley Interscience, New York, USA, 1-544
  9. Del Grosso, V.A. 1974. New equation for the speed of sound in natural waters (with comparison to other equations). J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 56, 1084-1091 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1903388
  10. Folk, R.L. and W.C. Ward. 1957. Brazos River bar, a study in the significance of grain-size parameters. J. Sed. Petrol., 27, 3-27 https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
  11. Fu, S.S. 1994. In situ acoustic profiles of the sediment-seawater interface. Master Thesis, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA, 1-69
  12. Fu, S.S. and R.H. Wilkens. 1996. Acoustic lance: New in situ seafloor velocity profiles. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 99, 234-242 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.414506
  13. Fu, S.S., R.H. Wilkens and L.N. Frazer. 1996. In situ velocity profiles in gassy sediment: Kiel Bay. Geo-Mar. Lett., 16, 249-253 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01204516
  14. Gorgas, T.J., R.H. Wilkens, S.S. Fu, L.N. Frazer, M.D. Richardson, K.B. Briggs and H. Lee. 2002. In situ acoustic and laboratory ultrasonic sound speed and attenuation measured inheterogeneous soft seabed sediments: Eel River Shelf, California. Mar. Geol., 182, 103-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00230-4
  15. Gorgas, T.G., G.Y. Kim, S.C. Park, R.H. Wilkens, D.C. Kim, G.H. Lee and Y.K. Seo. 2003. Evidence for gassy sediments on the inner shelf of SE Korea from geoacoustic properties. Cont. Shelf Res., 2, 821-834
  16. Hamilton, E.L. 1971. Prediction of in situ acoustic and elastic properties of marine sediments. Geophysics, 36, 266-284 https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440168
  17. Kim, D.C. 1989. Laboratory determination of compre-ssionnal wave velocity for unconsolidated marine sediment. Bull. Kor. Fish. Soc., 24, 31-38
  18. Kim, D.C., Y.A. Park, C.B. Lee, H.J. Kang and J.H. Choi. 1992. Sedimentation and physical properties of inner shelf sediment, South Sea of Korea. J. Geol. Soc. Kor., 28, 604-614
  19. Kim, D.C., G.Y. Kim, Y.K. Seo, D.H. Ha, I.C. Ha, Y.S. Yoon and J.C. Kim. 1999. Automated velocity mea-surement technique for unconsolidated marine sedi-ment. J. Ocean Soc. Kor., 4, 400-404
  20. Kim, D.C., J.Y. Sung, S.C. Park, G.H. Lee, J.H. Choi, G.Y. Kim, Y.K. Seo and J.C. Kim. 2001. Physical and acoustic properties of shelf sediments, the South Sea of Korea. Mar. Geol., 179, 39-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00200-6
  21. Kim, G.Y. and D.C. Kim. 2001. Comparison and correla-tion of physical properties from the plain and slope sediments in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan). J. Asian Earth Sci., 19, 669-681 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(00)00062-6
  22. Kim, G.Y., D.C. Kim and J.C. Kim. 2004. Ultrasonic characterization of fluid mud: effect of temperature. J. Acoust. Soc. Kor., 23, 140-145
  23. Kim, M.S., K.S. Chu and O.S. Kim. 1986. Investigation of some influence of the Nakdong River water on marine environment in the estuarine area using Landsat imagery. Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea, Report 93-147
  24. Korea Hydrographic Office. 1982. Marine Environmental Atlas of Korean Waters. Korea Hydrographic Office, Seoul, Korea, 1-38
  25. Min, G.H. 1994. Seismic stratigraphy and depositional history of Pliocene-Holocene deposits in the southern shelf, Korea Peninsula, Ph.D. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 1-196
  26. Mosher, D.C., K. Morgan and R.H. Hiscott. 1994. Late quaternary sediment, sediment mass flow processes and slope stability on the Scotian Slope, Canada. Sedimentology, 41, 1039-1061 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01439.x
  27. Park, S.C. and D.G. Yoo. 1988. Depositional history of quaternary sediments on the continental shelf off the southeastern coast of Korea (Korea Strait). Mar. Geol., 79, 65-75 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90157-0
  28. Park, S.C. and K.S. Chu. 1991. Dispersal pattern of river-derived fine-grained sediment on the inner shelf of the Korea Strait. In: Oceanography of Asian Marginal Sea. Takano, K., ed. Elsevier Oceanography Service, 231-240
  29. Park, S.C., S.K. Hong and D.C. Kim. 1996. Evolution of late quaternary deposits on the inner shelf of the South Sea of Korea. Mar. Geol., 131, 219-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00006-0
  30. Park, Y.A. 1983. The nature of holocene sedimentation and sedimentary facies on the continental shelves of Korea. Summer conference for domestic and foreign scholars of science and technology: KOFST Report, 72-80
  31. Rajan, S.D. and G.V. Frisk. 1992. Seasonal variations of the sediment compressional wave-speed profile in the Gulf of Mexico. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 91, 127-135 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.402760
  32. Richardson, M.D. 1986. Spatial variability of surficial shallow water sediment geoacoustic properties. In: Proceedings of SACLANT ASW Research Center Symposium, Akal, T. and J.M. Berkson, eds. Plenum Press, New York, USA, 527-536
  33. Robb, G.B.N., A.I. Best, J.K. Dix, J.M. Bull, T.G. Leighton and P.R. White. 2006. The frequency dependence of compressional wave velocity and attenuation coeffi-cient of intertidal marine sediments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 120, 2526-2537 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2345908
  34. Stoll, R.D. 1985. Marine sediment acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 77, 1789-1799 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391928
  35. Stoll, R.D. 1994. Sediment Acoustics. In: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Vol. 26, Bhattacharji S., G.J. Friedman, H.J. Neugebauer and A. Seilacher, eds. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1-155
  36. Sung, J.Y. 1994. Sedimentary environment and geoacoustic modeling of the shelf sediment, South Sea of Korea. Master Thesis, National Fisheries University of Pusan, Busan, Korea, 1-114
  37. Wilkens, R.H. and M.D. Richardson. 1998. The influence of gas bubbles on sediment acoustic properties: in situ, laboratory, and theoretical results from Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 18, 1859-1892 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00061-2
  38. Wilson, W.D. 1960. Equation for the speed of sound in seawater. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 32, 1357 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1907913
  39. Zheng, Q.A. and V. Klemas. 1982. Determination of winter temperature patterns, fronts and surface currents in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from satellite imagery. Remot. Sens. Environ., 12, 201-218 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(82)90053-0

Cited by

  1. Seafloor Velocity Measurement Tool pp.1521-0618, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2016.1236858
  2. Variation of Temperature-dependent Sound Velocity in Unconsolidated Marine Sediments: Laboratory Measurements pp.1521-0618, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2016.1277442
  3. Geoacoustic Estimation of the Seafloor Sound Speed Profile in Deep Passive Margin Setting Using Standard Multichannel Seismic Data vol.9, pp.12, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121423