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Comparison of the Dietary Factors between Normal and Osteopenia Groups by Bone Mineral Density in Korean Female College Students

골밀도 분류에 의한 정상군과 골감소증군 여대생의 식사관련 요인 비교

  • Published : 2008.07.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data on nutritional management of women's bone health. We examined the bone mineral density (BMD) by ultrasound bone densitometer, anthropometric measurement and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. The subjects were 102 Korean female college students (normal=59, bone disease group [osteopenia+osteoporosis]=43) and the mean age was 21.4 yr. Mean T-score (BMD) were -0.42 and -1.52 in normal and bone disease groups, respectively. Anthropometric measurement showed that 59% of the subjects were normal weight and bone disease group had lower value than normal group in majority of anthropometric index. The average energy intake was 1539.7 kcal, which was 73% of Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin C, folic acid, Ca and K intake than Korean RI independent of BMD. Bone disease group (1:2.05) showed significantly lower Ca:P ratio than normal group (1:1.86). Normal group had more intake frequency of milk and milk product than bone disease group. In relation to anthropometric index with T-score, significant correlations have been found in weight, PM, BFM, MM, TBW, SLM, FFM WHR, BMI and SMM. In relation to dietary factors with T-score, significant correlations have been found relating to intake frequency of milk and milk product. Our results indicate that for nutrients, ratio and balance may be more influential than intake for bone health in young women.

최대골질량에 근접할 수 있는 20대 여성들의 골격건강 상태는 중년기 이후 급증하는 골절이나 골다공증 발병과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구는 골격계질환 예방을 위하여 청년층의 식사지침 설정에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자, 20대 여대생들의 골밀도를 측정하여 정상군과 골질환군으로 분류한 후, 신체계측과 식사섭취 상태 등을 조사 비교하고, 골밀도와 관련된 제 요인들을 분석하였다. 대상자들의 골밀도는 WHO에서 분류한 T-score값에 따라 정상군 59명($-0.42{\pm}0.45$), 골감소증군(골다공증 2명+골감소증 41명, $-1.52{\pm}0.41$) 43명이었으며, 골다공증과 골감소증을 나타낸 대상자는 전체 대상자의 약 42%로 나타났다. 평균 연령은 21.43세, 신장, 체중 및 체질량지수(BMI)는 각각 $161.25{\pm}4.77\;cm$, $56.05{\pm}9.20\;kg$과 21.5($kg/m^2$)이었으며 전체 대상자 중 60명(58.8%)만이 정상체중군에 속하였고 골감소증군에서 저체중자의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 정상군과 골감소증군의 신체계측치를 비교했을 때, 체중, 체단백질(protein mass), 무기질(mineral mass), 골격근량(skeletal muscle mass), 제지방량(fat free mass) 및 체수분(total body water) 함량 등이 골감소증군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태를 분석한 결과에서는 한국인영양섭취기준(KDRIs)의 75% 이하로 섭취하고 있는 영양소에는 비타민 C(73%), 엽산(49%), 칼슘(66%)과 칼륨(45%) 등이었고, 영양섭취기준에 비해 높게 섭취하고 있는 영양소에는 단백질(136%), 비타민B6(120%), 인(122%) 및 나트륨(충분섭취량의 256%) 등이었다. 체중 1 kg당 영양소섭취량을 분석 비교한 결과에서는 두 군간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 정상군에 비해 골감소증군에서 에너지섭취량이 다소 높았고, 칼슘은 섭취량자체는 많았지만 동물성칼슘의 비율이 낮게 나타났고, 마그네슘(Mg)의 섭취량도 적게 나타났다. 식품군별 섭취량과 섭취빈도를 분석한 결과에서는, 정상군과 골질환군에서 섭취량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 우유와 유제품의 섭취빈도가 골감소증군에서 다소 낮게 나타났다. Tscore와 관련성을 보인 신체계측지수는 체중(p<0.01), PIBW(p<0.05), 신장(p<0.01), 체단백질(p<0.001), 체지방량(plt;0.05), 무기질(p<0.001), 체수분(p<0.001), 근육량(p<0.001), 제지방량(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.05), 골격근량(p<0.001), 허리둘레(plt;0.05) 및 엉덩이둘레(plt;0.05) 등이었으며, 체중 1 kg당 영양소섭취량과의 관련성에서는 에너지, 단백질, 지질, 당질, 인, 나트륨 및 칼륨이 유의적으로($p<0.05{\sim}p<0.01$) 음(-)의 관련성을 나타내었고, 섭취빈도와의 관련성에서는 우유 및 유제품의 섭취빈도는 양(+)의, 버섯류의 섭취빈도는 음(-)의 유의적인(p<0.05) 관련성을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 최대의 골질량에 근접해야하는 20대 여대생의 골격건강상태는 약 42%의 대상자가 골감소증군으로 나타나, 중년층의 골질환 발병율과 거의 같은 수준을 보였다. 따라서 이에 대한 예방대책이 조속히 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. 골격건강 상태에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 적정 체중유지가 중요한데, 전체 대상자의 약 59%만이 적정체중 범위에 있었고, 골감소증군에서 저체중자의 비율이 높게 나타나 건강체중유지에 대한 교육도 강조되어져야 할 것이다. 식사관련요인에서는 각 영양소의 섭취량 자체도 중요하지만 특히 칼슘, 인, 나트륨, 칼륨 및 마그네슘등의 경우 각 영양소 상호간의 섭취 비율이 골격건강에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다. 취약한 칼슘섭취상태를 보완하기 위한 주요 급원식품으로는, 우유와 유제품의 공급이 우선시되어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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