A GA-based Binary Classification Method for Bankruptcy Prediction

도산예측을 위한 유전 알고리듬 기반 이진분류기법의 개발

  • Published : 2008.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new binary classification method for predicting corporate failure based on genetic algorithm, and to validate its prediction power through empirical analysis. Establishing virtual companies representing bankrupt companies and non-bankrupt ones respectively, the proposed method measures the similarity between the virtual companies and the subject for prediction, and classifies the subject into either bankrupt or non-bankrupt one. The values of the classification variables of the virtual companies and the weights of the variables are determined by the proper model to maximize the hit ratio of training data set using genetic algorithm. In order to test the validity of the proposed method, we compare its prediction accuracy with ones of other existing methods such as multi-discriminant analysis, logistic regression, decision tree, and artificial neural network, and it is shown that the binary classification method we propose in this paper can serve as a premising alternative to the existing methods for bankruptcy prediction.

Keywords

References

  1. 문병로, 유전 알고리즘, 1판, 다성출판사, 2001
  2. 민재형, 정철우, "유전 알고리듬 기반 집단분류 기법의 개발과 성과평가:채권등급 평가를 중심으로", 한국경영과학회지, 제32권, 제1호(2007), pp.61-76
  3. Altman, E.I., "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, Vol.23, No.4(1968), pp.589-609 https://doi.org/10.2307/2978933
  4. Atiya, A.F., "Bankruptcy prediction for credit risk using neural networks:A survey and new results," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol.12, No.4(2001), pp.929-935 https://doi.org/10.1109/72.935101
  5. Bandyopadhyay, S. and U. Maulik, "Genetic clustering for automatic evolution of clusters and applicaton to image classification," Pattern Recognition, Vol.35, No.6(2002), pp.1197-1208 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00108-X
  6. Beaver, W.H., "Financial Ratios and Predictions of Failure," Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.4, Supplement(1966), pp.71-111 https://doi.org/10.2307/2490171
  7. Bell, T.B., "Neural nets or the logit model? A comparison of each model's ability to predict commercial bank failures," International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, Vol.6, No.3(1997), pp.249-264 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1174(199709)6:3<249::AID-ISAF125>3.0.CO;2-H
  8. Bryant, S.M., "A case-based reasoning approach to bankruptcy prediction modeling," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, Vol.6, No.3(1997), pp.195-214 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1174(199709)6:3<195::AID-ISAF132>3.0.CO;2-F
  9. Dimitras, A.I., R. Slowinski, R. Susmaga, and C. Zopounidis, "Business failure prediction using rough sets," European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.114, No.2(1999), pp.263-280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00255-0
  10. Frydman, H., E.I. Altman, and D. Kao, "Introducing recursive partitioning for financial classification:The case of financial distress," Journal of Finance, Vol.40, No.1(1985), pp.269-291 https://doi.org/10.2307/2328060
  11. Holland, J.H., Adaptation in natural and artificial systems, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 1975
  12. Jo, H., I. Han, and H. Lee, "Bankruptcy prediction using case-based reasoning, neural network and discriminant analysis for bankruptcy prediction," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.13, No.2(1997), pp.97-108 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(97)00011-0
  13. Kaski, S., J. Sinkkonen, and J. Peltonen, "Bankruptcy analysis with self-organizing maps in learning metrics," IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, Vol.12, No.4(2001), pp.936-947 https://doi.org/10.1109/72.935102
  14. Kumar, P.R. and V. Ravi, "Bankruptcy prediction in banks and firms via statistical and intelligent techniques-A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.180, No.1(2007), pp.1-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.08.043
  15. Lacher, R.C., P.K. Coats, S.C. Sharma, and L.F. Fantc, "A neural network for classifying the financial health of a firm," European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.85, No.1(1995), pp.53-65 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(93)E0274-2
  16. Lam, M., "Neural networks techniques for financial performance prediction:integrating fundamental and technical analysis," Decision Support Systems, Vol.34, No.4(2004), pp.567-581
  17. Lee, K.C., I. Han, and Y. Kwon, "Hybrid neural network models for bankruptcy predictions," Decision Support Systems, Vol.18, No.1(1996), pp.63-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(96)00018-8
  18. Lee, K, D. Booth, and P. Alam, "A comparison of supervised and unsupervised neural networks in predicting bankruptcy of Korean firms," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.29, No.1(2005), pp.1-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.01.004
  19. Leshno, M. and Y. Spector, "Neural network prediction analysis:The bankruptcy case," Neurocomputing, Vol.10, No.2(1996), pp.125-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(94)00060-3
  20. Lin, H.J., F.W. Yang and Y.T. Kao, "An Efficient GA-based Clustering Technique," Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol.8, No.2(2005), pp.113-122
  21. Marais, M.L., J. Patel, and M. Wolfson, "The experimental design of classification models:An application of recursive partitioning and bootstrapping to commercial bank loan classifications," Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.22, Supplement(1984), pp.87-114 https://doi.org/10.2307/2490861
  22. McKee, T.E., "Developing a bankruptcy prediction model via rough sets theory," International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, Vol.9, No.3(2000), pp.59-173
  23. McKee, T.E., "Rough sets bankruptcy prediction models versus auditor signaling rates," Journal of Forecasting, Vol.22, No.8(2003), pp.569-589 https://doi.org/10.1002/for.875
  24. Ohlson, J.A., "Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy," Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.18, No.1(1980), pp.109-131 https://doi.org/10.2307/2490395
  25. Park, C.S. and I. Han, "A case-based reasoning with the feature weights derived by analytic hierarchy process for bankruptcy prediction," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.23, No.3(2002), pp.255-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(02)00045-3
  26. Salchenberger, L., C. Mine, and N. Lash, "Neural networks:A tool for predicting thrift failures," Decision Sciences, Vol.23, No.4(1992), pp.899-916 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00425.x
  27. Shin, K.S. and Y.J. Lee, "A genetic algorithm application in bankruptcy prediction modeling," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.23, No.3(2002), pp.321-328 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(02)00051-9
  28. Swicegood, P. and J.A. Clark, "Off-site monitoring systems for predicting bank underperformance:A comparison of neural networks, discriminant analysis and professional human judgment," International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, Vol.10, No.3(2001), pp.169-186 https://doi.org/10.1002/isaf.201
  29. Tam, K.Y., "Neural network models and the prediction of bank bankruptcy," Omega, Vol.19, No.5(1991), pp.429-445 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(91)90060-7
  30. Varetto, F., "Genetic algorithm applications in the analysis of insolvency risk," Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol.22, No.10-11(1998), pp.1421-1439 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00059-4
  31. Wilson, R.L. and R. Sharda, "Bankruptcy prediction using neural networks," Decision Suppot Systems, Vol.11, No.5(1994), pp.545-557 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)90024-8
  32. Yang, Z.R., M.B. Platt, and H.D Platt, "Probability neural network in bankruptcy prediction," Journal of Business Research, Vol.44, No.2(1999), pp.67-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00242-7
  33. Zimmermann, H.J., Fuzzy set theory and its applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, 1996
  34. Zmijewski, M.E., "Methodological Issues Related to the Estimation of Financial Distress Prediction Models," Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.22, Supplement(1984), pp.59-82 https://doi.org/10.2307/2490859