Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

  • 제41권3호
  • /
  • Pages.186-194
  • /
  • 2008
  • /
  • 1975-8375(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-4521(eISSN)
대한예방의학회 (The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine)
권호 표지

Socioeconomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening among US Women: Trends from 2000 to 2005

  • Kim, Jae-Young (Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health) ;
  • Jang, Soong-Nang (Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health)
  • 발행 : 2008.05.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objectives : This study describes trends in the socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer screening among US women aged 40 or over, from 2000 to 2005. We assessed 1) the disparities in each socioeconomic dimension; 2) the changes in screening mammography rates over time according to income, education, and race; and 3) the sizes and trends of the disparities over time. Methods : Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2005, we calculated the age-adjusted screening rate according to relative household income, education level, health insurance, and race. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated, controlling for age. Results : Women in their 40s and those with lower relative incomes were less likely to undergo screening mammography. The disparity based on relative income was greater than that based on education or race (the RII among low-income women across the survey years was 3.00 to 3.48). The overall participation rate and absolute differences among socioeconomic groups changed little or decreased slightly across the survey years. However, the degree of each socioeconomic disparity and the relative inequality among socioeconomic positions remained quite consistent. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the trend of the disparity in breast cancer screening varied by socioeconomic dimension. Continued differences in breast cancer screening rates related to income level should be considered in future efforts to decrease the disparities in breast cancer among socioeconomic groups. More focused interventions, as well as the monitoring of trends in cancer screening participation by income and education, are needed in different social settings.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999-2004 Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Service, CDC, National Cancer Institute. 2005. [cited 2008 April 5]. Available from; URL:http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs
  2. OECD. Health at a Glance 2007: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD; 2007. [cited 2008 April 5]; Available from: http://fiordiliji. sourceoecd.org/pdf/health 2007/8120070s1- 25.pdf
  3. American Cancer Society. What Are the Key Statistics for Breast Cancer? Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; c2008. Available from: URL:http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_are_the_key_ statistics_for_breast_cancer_5.asp
  4. Elmore JG, Armstrong K, Lehman CD, Fletcher SW. Screening for breast cancer. JAMA 2005; 293(10): 1245-1256 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.10.1245
  5. Smigal C, Jemal A, Ward E, Cokkinides V, Smith R, Howe HL, et al. Trends in breast cancer by race and ethnicity: Update 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56(3): 168-183 https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.56.3.168
  6. Feldstein AC, Vogt TM, Aickin M, Hu WR. Mammography screening rates decline: A person-time approach to evaluation. Prev Med 2006; 43(3): 178-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.009
  7. Burns RB, McCarthy EP, Freund KM, Marwill SL, Shwartz M, Ash A, et al. Black women receive less mammography even with similar use of primary care. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125(3): 173-182 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-3-199608010-00002
  8. Makuc DM, Breen N, Freid V. Low income, race, and the use of mammography. Health Serv Res 1999; 34(1 Pt 2): 229-239
  9. Schootman M, Jeffe DB, Reschke AH, Aft RL. Disparities related to socioeconomic status and access to medical care remain in the United States among women who never had a mammogram. Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14(5): 419-425 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024941626748
  10. Bigby J, Holmes MD. Disparities across the breast cancer continuum. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16(1): 35-44 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-1263-1
  11. Peek ME, Han JH. Disparities in screening mammography. Current status, interventions and implications. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19(2): 184-194 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30254.x
  12. Farria DM, Schmidt ME, Monsees BS, Smith RA, Hildebolt C, Yoffie R, et al. Professional and economic factors affecting access to mammography: A crisis today, or tomorrow? Results from a national survey. Cancer 2005; 104(3): 491-498 https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21304
  13. Coughlin SS, Uhler RJ. Breast and cervical cancer screening practices among Asian and Pacific Islander Women in the United States, 1994-1997. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9(6): 597-603
  14. Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, Singh GK, Cardinez C, Ghafoor A, et al. Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54(2): 78-93 https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.54.2.78
  15. Blustein J. Medicare coverage, supplemental insurance, and the use of mammography by older women. N Engl J Med 1995; 332(17): 1138-1143 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199504273321706
  16. Hedegaard HB, Davidson AJ, Wright RA. Factors associated with screening mammography in low-income women. Am J Prev Med 1996; 12(1): 51-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30370-2
  17. Blackman DK, Bennett EM, Miller DS. Trends in self-reported use of mammograms (1989-1997) and Papanicolaou tests (1991- 1997)-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1999; 48(6): 1-22
  18. Makuc DM, Breen N, Freid V. Low income, race, and the use of mammography. Health Serv Res 1999; 34(1 Pt 2): 229-239
  19. Harper S, Lynch J. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in adult health behaviors among U.S. states, 1990-2004. Public Health Rep 2007; 122(2): 177-189 https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200207
  20. Shin MH, Oh HK, Ahn YO. Ten year trend of cancer incidence in Seoul, Korea: 1993-2002. J Prev Med Public Health 2008; 41(2): 92-99. (Korean) https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.2.92
  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: About the BRFSS-Overview. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006 [cited 2008 Mar 28]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/about.htm
  22. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Hole D, MacKinnon P, Gillis C, Watt G, et al. Education and occupational social class: which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52(3): 153-160 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.3.153
  23. Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP. The size of mortality differences associated with educational level in nine industrialized countries. Am J Public Health 1994; 84(6): 932-937 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.6.932
  24. Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE. Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44(6): 757-771 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00073-1
  25. Sergeant JC, Firth D. Relative index of inequality: Definition, estimation, and inference. Biostatistics 2006; 7(2): 213-224 https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxj002
  26. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN User's Manual, Release 9.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 2001
  27. Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN Software for Analysis of Correlated Data, Release 9. UserVs Manual. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 2004
  28. Snider J, Beauvais J, Levy I, Villeneuve P, Pennock J. Trends in mammography and Pap smear utilization in Canada. Chronic Dis Can 1996; 17(3-4): 108-117
  29. Katz SJ, Zemencuk JK, Hofer TP. Breast cancer screening in the United States and Canada, 1994: Socioeconomic gradients persist. Am J Public Health 2000; 90(5): 799- 803 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.5.799
  30. Kwak MS, Park EC, Bang JY, Sung NY, Lee JY, Choi KS. Factors associated with cancer screening participation, Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2005; 38(4): 473-481. (Korean)
  31. Jang SN, Cho SI, Hwang SS, Jung-Choi K, Im SY, Lee JA, et al. Trend of socioeconomic inequality in participation in cervical cancer screening among Korean women. J Prev Med Public Health 2007; 40(6): 505-511. (Korean) https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.6.505
  32. Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Lurie N, Abraham L, Barbash RB, Strzelczyk J, et al. Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer? Ann Int Med 2006; 144(8): 541-553 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-8-200604180-00004
  33. Henson RM, Wyatt SW, Lee NC. The national breast and cervical cancer early detection program: A comprehensive public health response to two major health issues for women. J Public Health Manag Pract 1996; 2(2): 36-47
  34. Bush RA, Langer RD. The effects of insurance coverage and ethnicity on mammography utilization in a postmenopausal population. West J Med 1998; 168(4): 236-240
  35. Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis S, Fryback DG, Clarke L, Zelen M, et al. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2006; 61(3): 179-180 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000201966.23445.91
  36. Wojcik BE, Spinks MK, Stein CR. Effects of screening mammography on the comparative survival rates of African American, white, and Hispanic beneficiaries of a comprehensive health care system. Breast J 2003; 9(3): 175- 183 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2003.09308.x
  37. OVMalley MS, Earp JA, Hawley ST, Schell MJ, Mathews HF, Mitchell J. The association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation for mammography: who gets the message about breast cancer screening? Am J Public Health 2001; 91(1): 49-54 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.1.49
  38. Hussey P, Anderson G, Berthelot JM, Feek C, Kelley E, Osborn R, et al. Trends in socioeconomic disparities in health care quality in four countries. Int J Qual Health Care 2008; 20(1): 53 https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm055