Analysis on the Uses of the External Representations in the $3{\sim}6th$ Grade Science Textbooks Developed Under the 7th National Curriculum

제7차 초등학교 $3{\sim}6$학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 외적 표상들의 활용 실태 분석

The purpose of this study was to analyze the uses of the external representations in the $3{\sim}6th$ grade science textbooks developed under the 7th National Curriculum on the basis of the theories and the research results on learning with the multiple representations. The results showed that the frequencies of the macroscopic external representations were higher than those of the symbolic external representations. The external representations with drawing and/or writing, especially writing, were used more frequently than those without drawing and/or writing. However, the most of the external representations were rarely used according to the principles and/or the theories (e.g., personalization principle, dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, and social constructivism theory) for effective uses of the multiple external representations in the science textbooks. The present study provides the guideline to establish the effective uses of the external representations in the science textbooks that not only meet learners but also teachers.