YAKHAK HOEJI (약학회지)

The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea (대한약학회)
권호 표지

Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Perilla frutescens var. japonica Leaves

들깨 잎 추출물의 항산화 및 신경세포 보호작용

  • Lee, Jong-Im (College of Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Jin, Chang-Bae (Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Ha (College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University) ;
  • Cho, Jung-Sook (College of Medicine, Dongguk University)
  • 이종임 (동국대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 진창배 (한국과학기술연구원 생체대사연구센터) ;
  • 류재하 (숙명여자대학교 약학대학) ;
  • 조정숙 (동국대학교 의과대학)
  • Published : 2008.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The leaves of Perilla frutescens Britt. var. japonica Hara (Labiatae) are often used in gourmet food in several Asian countries. Two kinds of perilla cultivars, Namcheon (NC) and Bora (BR), have been respectively developed in Korea by the pure line of 'deulkkae' from the local variety and by the cross of 'deulkkae' and 'chajogi'. The present study evaluated and compared antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the fractions prepared from the leaves of the two cultivars using cell-free bioassay systems and primary cultured rat cortical cells. We found that the spirit, chloroform, hexane and butanol fractions from NC and BR leaves inhibited lipid peroxidation initiated in rat brain homogenates by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid. In contrast, only the spirit and butanol fractions from both cultivars exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Among the fractions tested, the butanol fractions from NC and BR leaves exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties, and the butanol fraction from BR was more potent than the NC fraction. In consistence with these findings, the butanol fractions from both cultivars protected primary cultured cortical cells from the oxidative damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine and xanthine oxidase, with the BR butanol fraction being more active. The butanol fractions from NC and BR did not produce cytotoxicity in our cultures treated for 24 h at the concentrations of up to $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, these results indicate that the leaves of the two cultivars of Perilla frutescens exert antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, and that the butanol fraction from BR leaves exhibits the most potent antioxidative neuroprotection among the fractions tested in this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee, J. I., Han, E. D., Lee, S. T. and Park, H. W. : Study on the evaluation of oil quality and the differences of fatty acid composition between varieties in perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica Hara). Korean J. Breeding 18, 228 (1986)
  2. Park, H.-S., Ahn, B. and Yang, C.-B. : Studies on the functional properties of sesame and perilla protein isolate. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 22, 343 (1990)
  3. Kim, T. J. : Natural Plant Resources in Korea, Seoul National University Press (1996)
  4. Yamazaki, M. and Saito, K. : Isolation and characterization of anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase in Perilla frutescens var. crispa by differential display. Methods Mol. Biol. 317, 255 (2006)
  5. Ueda, H., Yamazaki, C. and Yamazaki, M. : Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic constituent of Perilla frutescens. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25, 1197 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.1197
  6. Shin, T. Y., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. K., Park, H. J., Chae, B. S., Jung, H. J. and Kim, H. M. : Inhibitory effect of mast cell mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by Perilla frutescens. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 22, 489 (2000)
  7. Makino, T., Furuta, Y., Wakushima, H., Fujii, H., Saito, K. and Kano, Y. : Anti-allergic effect of Perilla frutescens and its active constituents. Phytother. Res. 17, 240 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1115
  8. Lee, K.-I., Rhee, S.-H., Kim, J.-O., Chung, H.-Y. and Park, K.-Y. : Antimutagenic and antioxidative effects of perilla leaf extracts. J. Korean Soc. Food. Nutr. 22, 175 (1993)
  9. Ueda, H., Yamazaki, C. and Yamazaki, M. : Inhibitory effect of Perilla leaf extract and luteolin on mouse skin tumor promotion. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 560 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.560
  10. Zupko, I., Hohmann, J., Redei, D., Falkay, G., Janicsak, G. and Mathe, I. : Antioxidant activity of leaves of Salvia species in enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent systems of lipid peroxidation and their phenolic constituents. Planta Med. 67, 366 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-14327
  11. Banno, N., Akihisa, T., Tokuda, H., Yasukawa, K., Higashihara, H., Ukiya, M., Watanabe, K., Kimura, Y., Hasegawa, J. and Nishino, H. : Triterpene acids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens and their anti-inflammatory and antitumor-promoting effects. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68, 85 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.85
  12. Han, H. S., Park, J. H., Choe, H. J., Son, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. and Choe, C. : Biochemical analysis and physiological activity of perilla leaves. Korean J. Food Culture 19, 94 (2004)
  13. Qiao, S., Li, W., Tsubouchi, R., Haneda, M., Murakami, K., Takeuchi, F., Nisimoto, Y. and Yoshino, M. : Rosmarinic acid inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in RAW264.7 macrophages. Free Radic. Res. 39, 995 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500231836
  14. Halliwell, B. : Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 59, 1609 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x
  15. Behl, C. and Moosmann, B. : Antioxidant neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease as preventive and therapeutic approach. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 182 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00883-3
  16. Cho, J., Joo, N. E., Kong, J.-Y., Jeong, D.-Y., Lee, K. D. and Kang, B.-S. : Inhibition of excitotoxic neuronal death by methanol extract of Acori graminei rhizoma in cultured rat cortical neurons. J. Ethnopharmacol. 73, 31 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00262-2
  17. Cho, J., Kong, J.-Y., Jeong, D.-Y., Lee, K. D., Lee, D. U. and Kang, B.-S. : NMDA receptor-mediated neuroprotection by essential oils from rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. Life Sci. 68, 1567 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00944-4
  18. Jung, Y.-S., Kang, T.-S., Yoon, J.-H., Joe, B.-Y., Lim, H.-J., Seong, C.-M., Park, W. K., Kong, J. Y., Cho, J. and Park, N. S. : Synthesis and evaluation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid amides and 4-hydroxycinnamamides as antioxidants. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12, 2599 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00479-1
  19. Dok-Go, H., Lee, K. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, E. H., Lee, J., Song, Y. S., Lee, Y. H., Jin, C., Lee, Y. S. and Cho, J. : Neuroprotective effects of antioxidative flavonoids, quercetin, (+)-dihydroquercetin and quercetin 3-methyl ether, isolated from Opuntia ficusindica var. saboten. Brain Res. 965, 130 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)04150-1
  20. Hansen, M. B., Nielsen, S. E. and Berg, K. : Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J. Immunol. Methods 119, 203 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(89)90397-9
  21. Cho, J. and Lee, H.-K. : Wogonin inhibits excitotoxic and oxidative neuronal damage in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 485, 105 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.064
  22. Reiter, R. J. : Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanism in the aging brain. FASEB J. 9, 526 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.9.7.7737461
  23. Peng, Y., Ye, J. and Kong, J. : Determination of phenolic compounds in Perilla frutescens L. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 8141 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051360e
  24. Kim, J. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, M. H., Kim, J., Jin, C. and Ryu, J. H. : Luteolin inhibits LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV-2 microglial cells. Planta Med. 72, 65 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-873145
  25. Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. S., Jung, C. S., Jin, C. and Ryu, J.-H. : Inhibitory activity of nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenging activity of extracts of Perilla frutescens. Kor. J. Pharmacog. 38, 170 (2007)
  26. Wang, C. J., Wang, J. M., Lin, W. L., Chu, C. Y., Chou, F. P. and Tseng, T. H. : Protective effects of Hibiscus anthocyanins against tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38, 411 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00011-9
  27. Tsuda, T., Shiga, K., Ohshima, K., Kawakishi, S. and Osawa, T. : Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the active oxygen radical scavenging effect of anthocyanin pigments isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biochem. Pharmacol. 52, 1033 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00421-2
  28. Cho, J., Kang, J. S., Long, P. H., Jing, J., Back, Y. and Chung, K.-S. : Antioxidant and memory enhancing effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin and cordyceps mushroom extract. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26, 821 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980027
  29. Sanbongi, C., Takano, H., Osakabe, N., Sasa, N., Natsume, M., Yanagisawa, R., Inoue, K. I., Sadakane, K., Ichinose, T. and Yoshikawa, T. : Rosmarinic acid in perilla extract inhibits allergic inflammation induced by mite allergen, in a mouse model. Clin. Exp. Allergy 34, 971 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01979.x