Influence of Computer Use Hours on Physical Development, Dietary Patterns, and Nutritional Status of Higher Grade Elementary School Children

컴퓨터 사용시간이 고학년 초등학생의 신체 발달, 식생활 습관 및 영양 상태에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Hye-Seon (Department of Nutrition Education, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Bog-Hieu (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University)
  • 김혜선 (중앙대학교 교육대학원) ;
  • 이복희 (중앙대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2008.03.31

Abstract

This study was intended to investigate whether the computer use hours affect physical development, dietary habits, and nutritional status or not. One hundred and ninety elementary school students from Gyeonggi province and Seoul were selected and surveyed during December, 2006. Participants were divided into 2 groups: long-time computer user (${\geq}$ 2 hrs./day) and short-time computer user (<2hrs./day). The survey included the questionnaires and anthropometric measurement. A dietary survey was conducted by using 24-hour recall method. The most of long-time computer user accessed computer more often than those of short-time computer user weekly bases. The purpose of the computer use was for the computer game (p < 0.05). Most participants accessed computer after the school at night and at their home. The longer the computer use, the more the body weight and %RBW (p < 0.05). Dietary habits score of long-time computer user 34.5 points) was lower than that of short-time computer user (38.0 points) (p < 0.001). The long-time computer user consumed more fatty foods, instant foods, and sugary foods. In case of dietary habit changes incurred by computer use, the long-time computer user had inferior dietary habits: skipping meals, meal size, appetite, eating speed, weight, exercise, and sleeping trouble (p < 0.05). The long-time computer user consumed less calories than the short-time computer user (p < 0.05). Also, the long-time computer user tended to have lower intakes of vitamin C, Ca, and dietary fiber without significance. From the findings, the longer use of computer by the elementary school children negatively affects their physical development, dietary habits and nutritional status.

본 연구는 컴퓨터 사용 시간에 따른 고학년 초등학생의 컴퓨터 사용실태, 신체발달, 식생활 습관, 컴퓨터 사용으로 인한 식생활 습관의 변화 및 영양소 섭취 실태에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 조사대상자는 초등학생 4, 5, 6학년 학생 265명을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여 실시하였다. 컴퓨더 사용시간은 하루 2시간을 기준으로 2시간 이상 사용하는 그룹과 2시간 미만 사용하는 그룹의 두 집단으로 분류하였다. 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 긴 그룹이 짧은 그룹에 비해 주별 기준 매일 이용하는 빈도가 더 높았으며, 양쪽 그룹 모두 '컴퓨터 게임을 위하여' 컴퓨터를 사용하고 있었다 (p < 0.05). 컴퓨터를 사용하는 장소와 시간은 대부분 집에서 방과 후 저녁시간에 이용하고 있었다. 신체발달 지표에서도 컴퓨터 사용시간이 길수록 체중과 %RBW가 짧은 그룹에 비해 높았다 (P<0.05). 전반적인 식생활 습관의 경우, 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 긴 그룹의 식생활 습관이 불량하였으며, 섭취하고 식품의 종류도 기름진 음식, 인스턴트 식품 및 단 음식을 더 많이 먹고 있었다. 컴퓨터 사용으로 인한 식생활 습관 변화여부에서도 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 긴 그룹이 끼니를 거르는 정도, 입맛의 변화, 식사속도, 식사량, 체중감소, 운동빈도 및 수면 등이 더 불량한 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 길어질수록 아동의 신체발달, 식생활 습관 및 영양소 섭취 상태에 부정적인 영향을 끼친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 장시간의 컴퓨터 사용으로 인한 바람직하지 못한 식생활과 잘못된 식습관의 고착을 예방하기 위해서는 학생들 스스로가 컴퓨터 사용시간에 대한 자율적 조절을 할 수 있는 교육 및 지도는 물론 이와 연계한 효과적인 영양교육의 정착 및 실천이 우선되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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