Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of the Chemical Constituents of Agaricus brasiliensis

  • Cho, Soo-Muk (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Jang, Kab-Yeul (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Park, Hong-Ju (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Sik (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.)
  • Published : 2008.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by $^{13}C-NMR$. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By $^{13}C-NMR$ analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)\;(1{\rightarrow}6)$-glucan, composed of a backbone with $(1{\rightarrow}3)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a $(1{\rightarrow}6)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The ${\beta}$-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, S. M., Park, J. S., Kim K. P., Cha, D. Y., Kim, H. M. and Yoo, I. D. 1999. Chemical features and purification of immunostimulating polysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Agaricus blazei. Kor. J. Mycol. 27:170-174
  2. Dembistsky, V. M., Shubina, E. E. and Kashin, A. G. 1992. Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of some basidiomycetes. Phytochemistry 31:845-849 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80026-B
  3. Diez, V. A. and Alvarez, A. 2001. Compositional and nutritional studies on two wild edible mushrooms from northwest spain. Food Chem. 75:417-422 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00229-1
  4. Dong, Q., Yao, J., Yang, X. and Fang, J. 2002. Structural chariacterization of a water-soluble ${\beta}$-D-glucan from fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murr. Carbohydrate Res. 337:1417-1421 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00166-0
  5. Franz, G. 1989. Polysaccharides in pharmacy: current applications and future concepts. Planta Med. 55:493-497 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962078
  6. Fujimiya, Y., Susuki, H., Katakura, R. and Ebina, T. 1999. Tumor-specific cytotoxicity and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycetes, Agaricus blazei Murrill. Anticancer Res. 19: 113-118
  7. Furukawa, H. 1995. Mushroom science. Chem. Biol. 26: 631-639
  8. Gonzaga, M. L. C., Ricardo, N. M. P. S., Heatley, F. and Soares, S. A. 2005. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill. Carbohydrate Polymers 60:43-49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.022
  9. Gutierrez, A., Prieto, A. and Martinez, A. 1996. Structural characterization of extracellular polysaccharides produced by fungi from the genus Pleurotus. Carbohydrate Res. 281:143-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(95)00342-8
  10. Han, S. B., Oh, T., Yun, Y. P., Min, B. K., Hyun, B. H. and Kim, H. M. 1996. Rapid determination of in vivo and in vitro antibody responses by suspension hemolytic assay. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 36:33-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/1056-8719(96)00070-6
  11. Hamilton, S., Hamilton, R. J. and Sewell, P. 1992. Extraction of lipids and derivative formation. In: Lipid Analysis, pp. 47-48. Eds. S. Hamilton and R. J. Hamilton. Oxford University Press, NY
  12. Itoh, H., Amano, H. and Noda, H. 1994. Inhibitory action of a (1- 6)$\beta$-D-glucan-protein complex (FIII-2b) isolated from Agaricus blazei Murrill ("Himematsutake") on meth a fibrosarcoma bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 66:265-271 https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.66.265
  13. Kaneno, R., Fontanari, L. M., Santos, S. A., Stasi, L. C., Filho, E. R. and Eira, A. F. 2004. Effects of extracts from brazilian sun-mushroom (Agaricus blazei) on the NK activity and lymphoproliferative responsiveness of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42:909-916 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.01.014
  14. Kawagishi, H. 1994. Cell-function regulating substance from mushrooms. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 68:1671-1677 https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.68.1671
  15. Kawagishi, H., Inagaki, R., Kano, T., Shimura, K., Ito, H., Hagiwara, T. and Nakamura, T. 1989. Fraction and antitumor activity of the water-insoluble residue of Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies. Carbohydrate Res. 186:267-273 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(89)84040-6
  16. Kawagishi, H., Inagaki, R., Kano, T., Shimura, K., Ito, H., Hagiwara, T. and Nakamura, T. 1990. Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1-6)${\beta}$-D-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydrate Polymer 12:393-403 https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(90)90089-B
  17. Kim, D. H., Yang, K. H., Johnson, K. W. and Holsapple, M. P. 1987. Suppression of in vitro antibody production by dimeth-ylnitrosamine in mixed cultures of mouse primary hepatocytes and mouse splenocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 87:32-42 https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(87)90081-0
  18. Lewis, D. H. and Smith, D. C. 1967. Sugar alcohols (polyols) in fungi and green plants. New Phytologist 66:143-184 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1967.tb05997.x
  19. Longvah, T. and Deosthale, Y. G. 1998. Compositional and nutritional studies on edible wild mushroom from northeast India. Food Chem. 63:331-334 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00026-0
  20. Mishell, R. I. and Dutton, R. W. 1967. Immunization of dissociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice. Department of Experimental Pathology, La Jolla, California. Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 217:423-441
  21. Mizuno, T. and Kwai, M. 1992. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Mushroom Fungi. Gakai-shupan Center, Tokyo
  22. Mizuno, T. 1995. Agaricus blazei Murill: Medicinal and dietary effects. Food Rev. Int. 11:167-172 https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129509541026
  23. Mizuno, T. 2002. Medicinal properties and clinical effects of culinary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill (Agaricomycetideae). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4:299-312
  24. Mizuno, T. 1993. Food function and medicinal effect of mushroom fungi. Food & Food Ingredients J. 158:8-23
  25. Nakajima, A., Ishita, T., Koga, M., Takeuchi, T., Mazda, O. and Takeuchi, M. 2002. Effect of hot water extract Agraricus blazei Murill on antibody-producing cells in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2:1205-1211 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00056-5
  26. Park, J. S., Jang, K. Y., Cha, D. Y. and Chun, C. S. 1996. The study of cultivated physiology of Agaricus blazei. In: National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, pp. 645-650. Eds. Agricultural Biology Research
  27. Sanmee, R., Dell, B., Lumyong, P., Izumori, K. and Lumyong, S. 2003. Nutritive value of popular wild edible mushrooms from northern Thailand. Food Chem. 82:527-532 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00595-2
  28. Schulz, D. and Rapp, P. 1991. Properties of the polyalcohol prepared from the b-D-glucan schizophyllan by periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction. Carbohydrate Res. 222:223-231 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(91)89020-G
  29. Senatore, F. 1990. Fatty acid and free amino acid content of some mushrooms. J. Science Food Agriculture 51:91-96 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740510109
  30. Senatore, F., Dini, A., Marino, A. and Schettino, O. 1988. Chemical constituents of some basidiomycetes. J. Sci. Agric. 45:335-345
  31. Stephen, J. M. M., Mayunga, H. H. N., Vitus, A. N. and Isai, T. U. 2004. Amino acids composition of some Tanzanian mushrooms. Food Chem. 86:179-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.030
  32. Wasser, S. P., Didukh, M. Y., Amazonas, M. A. L., Nevo, E., Stamets, P. and Eria, A. F. 2002. Is a widely cultivated culinary- medicinal royal sun Agaricus (the Himematsutake mushroom) indeed Agaricus blazei Murrill? Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4:267-290

Cited by

  1. Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune vol.8, pp.1663-9812, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00252
  2. Peck vol.13, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0244