A Study on the Modern 'Universal Philosophy' Idea-Presentation of 'Avant-garde' Art Groups at the Turn of the 20th's Century - On the Progress of the Philosophies, 'Universalism' as a Intellectual Synthesis toward Awakening for Modern Art -

20세기 전환기의 '아방가르드' 예술집단의 근대 '보편주의' 사상-표현에 관한 연구 -근대 예술적 자각을 향한 지적 융합, 보편철학의 발전적 전개-

The purpose of this study is ultimately subjected to the Orientalism, even though this deals with some positive effects in the realm of art and architecture as the scope of study, because through which the relationship between two different cultures will be discussed. That is to say, this research focused not only on how the presentation of 'avant-garde' visual art, which is explained as formal 'purity' and 'abstraction' as the characteristics of modern arts, could be made in the transition to the 20th's World, but also on what is the role and meaning of Eastern thoughts, which is popular in that time, for the new philosophical background of the artistic revolution. As a result, this study found that a lot of 'avant-garde' architects such as F. L. Wright, M. Mahony in Prairie School and L. Sullivan, D. Burnham, J. Root in Chicago School, and Lauweriks, H. P. Berlage who introduced Wright's works into the Europe, had possessed the 'Universal Philosophy' including Unitarianism, Transcendentalism, Deism, and Theosophy which are all influenced by Oriental religions and thoughts through historic western philosophers, although it is generally well-known that W. Kandinsky and P. Mondrian were belong to that. Furthermore, they gave attention to the Oriental religions and thoughts in that time, eventually made a historical progressive process of unification of thoughts between East and West. In a word, the new universalism was the philosophical background that made the artist's idea and presentation on 'from Being into Becoming'.