Abstract
The highland area remained bare for the winter and spring seasons and this condition has resulted in soil erosion. In this areas, crop rotation by legume has not been commonly practiced. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the growth characteristics and nitrogen yield as a green manure crop according to sowing seasons of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. In this experiment, we was investigated the growth characteristics, winter tolerance, soil coverage and productivities of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. We cultivated two hairy vetch(Madison, H1) and two woolly pod vetch(Naomi, Haymaker) varieties in the highland area from 2006 to 2007. The result are summarized as follows; The plant height of hairy vetch increased with the progress of growth stage until flowering stage. The wintering rate of hairy vetch was $79{\sim}83%$ in highland area. But, the wintering rate of woolly pod vetch was $29.5{\sim}39.2%$. The 100% soil coverage of hairy vetch was reached between end of May and beginning of June under autumn sowing, and between end of June and beginning of July under spring sowing. The weeds density of hairy vetch field under autumn sowing was lower than that under spring sowing. Dry matter yield of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. The dry matter yield of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch were $5,255{\sim}5,405kg/ha$ and $3,520{\sim}3,640kg/ha$, respectively. But, hairy vetch in spring sowing was not significantly higher fresh matter yield than that of woolly pod vetch. The nitrogen content in hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch was $2.98{\sim}3.08$ and $2.74{\sim}3.21%$, respectively. There were no significant difference in nitrogen content of the hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch under the spring sowing. N-uptake of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch in autumn sowing. The N uptake was $156{\sim}164\;kg/ha$ in hairy vetch and $96{\sim}101\;kg/ha$ in woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. It was thought that hairy vetch was better than woolly pod vetch as a green manure crop in autumn sowing considering wintering rate and yield of dry matter in highland area. And woolly pod vetch could use as a green manure crop under spring sowing in highland area.
본 연구는 고랭지에서 피복용 두과녹비작물 도입를 통한 토양환경 보전과 녹비공급효과에 대한 기초연구로서 헤어리베치와 울리포드베치 각각 2품종를 공시하여 가을, 봄 파종에 따른 생육, 토양피복율, 잡초밀도, 수량, 질소생산성을 구명하여 친환경농업의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 $2006{\sim}2007$년 강원도 평창군 대관령의 해발 800m에서 수행하였다. 1. 고랭지인 대관령 지방에 헤어리베치의 월동률은 $79{\sim}83%$이었으나 울리포드베치는 $29{\sim}35%$의 월동률을 나타내어 헤어리베치가 울리포드베치에 비하여 월동률이 높았다. 고랭지에서 베치류의 토양피복율은 추파에서는 5월 하순에서 6월 초순, 춘파에서는 6월 하순에서 7월 초순에 100%에 도달하였다. 헤어리베치 재배에 의한 잡초밀도는 가을 파종재배구가 봄 파종재배구 보다 낮았다. 2. 가을파종재배시 헤어리베치 품종의 질소 함량은 3%로 울리포드베치의 2.7% 보다 높았다. 그러나 봄 파종재배시 질소 함량은 울리포드베치 품종이 헤어리베치 품종 보다 높았다. 울리포드베치는 헤어리베치에 비하여 셀룰로스, NDF, ADF, ADL 함량이 낮았다. 3. 고랭지 지역에서 헤어리베치의 건물수량은 가을 파종에서 $5,255{\sim}5,405kg/ha$ 봄 파종재배에서 $4,330{\sim}4,560kg$으로 가을파종재배에서 높았다. 봄 파종재배에서는 헤어리베치와 울리포드베치 사이에 건물수량에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 헤어리베치를 녹비로 이용하면 가을 파종재배에서 $156{\sim}164kg/ha$, 봄 파종 재배에서 $131{\sim}140kg/ha$의 녹비질소를 생산할 수 있었다. 울리포드베치는 월동의 안정성이 없어 추파재배시 $96{\sim}101kg/ha$으로 질소생산성이 낮았으나, 봄 파종재배에서는 $144{\sim}153kg/ha$으로 헤어리베치 보다 높았다. 고랭지 지방에서 헤어리베치는 가을, 봄 파종재배가 가능하였으나 울리포드베치는 가을 파종재배에는 적합하지 않았으나 봄 파종재배 품종으로는 가능하였다.
