영재교육연구 (Journal of Gifted/Talented Education)

한국영재학회 (The Korean Society for the Gifted)
권호 표지

유아의 사고능력에 대한 부모 양육태도의 영향

Effects of the Parenting Attitude on Children's Thinking Ability

  • 임호찬 (나사렛대학교 심리재활학과)
  • Lim, Ho-Chan (Dept. of Psychological Rehabilitation, Nazarene University)
  • 발행 : 2008.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 영재성의 기초인 유아의 사고능력이 연령 별로 모의 양육태도와 어떤 연관이 있는 가를 알아보고자 하였다 연구대상은 5시에 소재한 유치원에 등원하는 4$\sim$6세 유아 401명과 어머니를 대상으로 하였다. 측정도구로는 영재성 평가검사로 활용되는 레이쌀 검사 시리즈에서 가장 난이도가 낮은 유아의 사고능력을 알아볼 수 있는 레이븐 CPM 검사와 부모의 양육태도에 관한 질문지를 사용하였다. 부모양육태도 검사는 지지표현, 합리적 설명, 성취압력, 간섭, 처벌, 감독, 과잉기대, 비일관성 등 8개 하위 영역으로 구성되어 있다. 연구결과는 먼저 부모의 양육태도는 연령대에 따라 다르게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 4세 유아는 합리적 설명, 성취압력, 처벌, 감독 요인이 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치고 있음이 밝혀졌고, 5세는 지지표현과 감독이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 그리고 6세는 지지표현, 합리적 설명, 처벌, 과잉기대가 사고력 문제 해결에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 양육태도 영역별 정적 혹은 부적 효과를 논의하였다. 이 결과는 부모가 자녀의 연령에 따라 양육태도를 변화시켜 대응하는 것이 사고력 발달에 효과적이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

This Study focused on understanding the relationship between the child ren's thinking ability which is based on the genius and the parenting attitude according to their level of age. There were 401subjects including mothers and their children who lived in Seoul city ages from four to six. The Raven CPM testing method for children and the parenting attitude test were used as research tools. Subcategories of the parenting attitude test consisted of the supportive expression, the rational explanation, the achievement press, high involvement, punishment, superintendence, high expectation, and inconsequence. Results showed that by age four children's thinking abilities were affected by the rational explanation, the achievement press, punishment, and superintendence. At age five, the supportive expression and superintendence were important factors to the thinking ability. By age six children were affected by the supportive expression, the rational explanation, punishment and high expectation. It was also discussed the positive or negative effects of the parenting attitude sub-scales to the development of the thinking ability. These results showed the parenting attitudes need to be changed according to the child's age for getting more resonable results to their children's thinking ability.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 문수백, 변창진 (2002). K-ABC 해석요강. 서울: 학지사
  2. 손남숙, 이숙희 (2008). 부모의 양육태도가 만 4세-6세 유아의 사회성 발달에 미치는 영향. 미래유아교육학회지. 15. 49-77
  3. 손석한, 노경선, 허묘연, 정현옥, 이소희, 김세주 (2001). 청소년기 문제행동과 부모 양육행동에 관한 연구. 신경정신의학. 40. 605-615
  4. 임호찬 (2003). 지능검사 평가치의 상호비교: Wechsler, K-ABC, Raven 지능검사를 중심으로. 정서.행동장애 연구. 19. 121-134
  5. 임호찬 (2004). 한국판 레이븐 지능검사. CPM 지침서. 서울: 한국가이던스
  6. 임호찬 (2008). 부모양육태도검사. 서울: Mindpress
  7. 허묘연 (1999). 청소년이 지각한 부모양육행동 척도개발연구. 이화여자대학교 일반대학원 박사학위청구논문
  8. Baumrind, D. (1968). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75. 43-88
  9. Baumrind, D. (1971) Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Monographs (Part 2), 4. 99-102
  10. Baumrind, D. (1991a). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 1. 56-95
  11. Baumrind, D. (1991b). Parenting styles and adolescent development. pp. 746-758. In R. Learner, A. C. Petersen, and J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), The Encyclopedia on Adolescence. New York: Garland
  12. Bloom, B. S. (1964). Stability and Change in human characteristics. New York: Wiley
  13. Brody, N. 1992. Intelligence. San Diego: Academic Press
  14. Caldwell, B. M. (1968). On designing supplementary environments for early child development. BAEYC Reports. Boston Association for the Education of Young Children. October, 1-11
  15. Duncan, O. D., Featherman, D. L, and B. Duncan. (1972). Socioeconomic background and achievement. New York: Seminar Press
  16. Elardo, R., R. Bradley, and B. M. Caldwell. (1975). The relation of infants' home environment to mental test performance from six to thirty-six months: A longitudinal analysis. Child Development, 4. 71-76
  17. Getzels, J. W., and P. W. Jackson. (1962). Creativity and Intelligence. New York: John wiley & Sons
  18. Jensen, A. R. (1977). Cumulative deficit in IQ of blacks in the deep south. Developmental Psychology, 13. 184-191 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.13.3.184
  19. Jones, N. A., T. Field, and M. Davalos. (2000). Right frontal EEG asymmetry and lack of empathy in preschool children of depressed mothers. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 30. 189-204 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021399605526
  20. Kagan, J. (1994). The generation of thought. pp. 185-239. In J. Kagan (Ed.), The nature of the child, New York: Basic Books
  21. Kuhn, C. M., and S. M. Schanberg. (1998). Responses to maternal separation: Mechanisms and mediators. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 16. 261-270 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5748(98)00034-3
  22. Palmer, D. (2006). Parent's guide to IQ testing and gifted education. Longbeach: Parent guide books
  23. Parker, S. W., and C. A. Nelson. (2005). The impact of deprivation on the ability to discriminate facial expressions of emotion: An event-related potential study. Child Development, 7. 54-72
  24. Plomin, R., D. W. Fulker, R. Corley, and J. C. DeFries. (1997). Nature, nurture, and cognitive development from 1 to 16 years: a parent-offspring adoption study. Psychological Science, 8. 442-447 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00458.x
  25. Raven, J., J. C. Raven, J. H. Court. (1998). Raven manual: General overview. Oxford: OPP
  26. Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creative development as acquired expertise: theoretical issues and an empirical test. Developmental Review, 20. 283-318 https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1999.0504
  27. Weinberg, M. K., and E. Z. Tronick. (1996). Infant affective reactions to the resumption of maternal interaction after the still-face. Child Development, 67. 905-914 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131869
  28. Weiss, L. H., and J. C. Schwarz. (1999). The relationship between parenting types and older adolescents' personality, academic achievement, adjustment and substance use. In A. Slater, and D. Muir (Eds.), The Blackwell Reader in Developmental psychology. Oxford: Blackwell
  29. Zajonc, R., and G. B. Markus. (1976). Birth order and intellectual development. Psychological Review, 82. 74-88 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076229