Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Rare Earth Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Immune-Related Cell Population, Meat Quality and Fecal Odor Emission Gases in Finishing Pigs

사료내 희토 첨가가 비육돈의 생산성, 혈액내 면역관련 세포수, 육질특성 및 분 중 악취방출 가스함량에 미치는 영향

  • Shin, Seung-Oh (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Yoo, Jong0Sang (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Lee, Je0Hyun (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Jang, Hae0Dong (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Hyo0Jin (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Huang, Yan (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Chen, Ying-Jie (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Cho, Jin-Ho (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, In-Ho (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University)
  • 신승오 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 유종상 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 이제현 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 장해동 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 김효진 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 황염 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 진영걸 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 조진호 (단국대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 김인호 (단국대학교 동물자원학과)
  • Published : 2008.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary rare earth on growth performance, blood immune- related cell population, meat quality and fecal odor emitting gases in finishing pigs. The total of sixty four (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) pigs(65.42±1.16kg in average initial body weight) were used for feeding trial during 10 weeks of experimental period. Dietary treatments included 1) NC(antibiotic free diet), 2) PC (NC diet+6 weeks 44ppm of tylosin/ 4 weeks 22ppm of tylosin) 3) RE1 (NC diet + 100ppm of RE), 4) RE2 (NC diet+200ppm of RE). There were four dietary treatments with four replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. During the overall periods, there were no significant differences in ADG(Average daily gain), ADFI (Average daily feed intake) and gain/feed ratio among treatments(P>0.05). Dry matter and nitrogen digestibility were higher in RE2 treatment group than other groups(P<0.05). Also, energy digestibility was higher in RE2 treatment group than PC and RE1 treatment groups(P<0.05). At the 6th week WBC(white blood cell) was significantly increased(P<0.05) in RE1 treatment group than NC and RE2 treatment groups. L* value of M. logissimus dorsi muscle color was significantly increased(P<0.05) in rare earth supplemented groups compared to NC treatment group(P<0.05). However, a* value was lower in RE1 treatment group than PC treatment group (P<0.05). In fatty acid composition of Intramuscular fat, total MUFA was significantly higher in RE2 treatment group than other groups(P<0.05). Also, total UFA was significantly increased in RE2 treatment group compared with NC and PC treatment groups(P<0.05). In fatty acid composition of back fats, total SFA of rare earth supplemented groups were lower than in PC treatment group(P<0.05). UFA:SFA ratio was significantly higher in rare earth supplemented groups than PC treatment group(P<0.05). In fecal odor emission, NH3 was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in rare earth supplemented groups compared to NC and PC treatment groups. In conclusion, the results of the experiment was affected by rare earth supplementation on digestibilities, meat quality, fatty acid and fecal odor emission gases in finishing pigs.

본 연구는 희토의 첨가가 비육돈의 생산성, 면역관련 혈액학적 지표, 육질특성 및 분내 유해가스발생 함량에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 비육돈 64두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중이 65.42±1.16kg 이었고, 10주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1)Antibiotic free diet (NC), 2)NC diet+6 weeks 44ppm of tylosin/4 weeks 22ppm of tylosin(PC) 3)NC diet+100ppm of RE(RE1) 및 4)NC diet+200ppm of RE (RE2)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 사양시험 기간 동안 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 건물 및 질소 소화율은 RE2처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05). 에너지소화율은 RE2처리구가 NC 및 RE1처리구와 비교하여 높은 소화율을 나타내었다(P<0.05). WBC 수준은 6주에서 RE1처리구가 NC 및 RE2처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 배최장근의 명도를 나타내는 L*값은 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구가 NC처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), a* 값은 PC처리구가 RE1처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 근내지방 내 지방산 조성에 있어서 total MUFA는 RE2처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량을 나타내었으며(P<0.05), total UFA는 RE2처리구가 PC처리구와 비교하여 높았다(P<0.05). 등지방 내 지방산 조성에 있어서 Total SFA는 PC처리구가 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구와 비교하여 높은 함량은 나타내었다(P<0.05). Total UFA/SFA는 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2처리구가 PC처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 분내 유해가스 물질의 발생 함량에 있어서 암모니아(NH3)는 희토를 첨가한 RE1 및 RE2 처리구가 NC 및 PC처리구와 비교하여 낮은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과 비육돈에 희토의 첨가는 영양소 소화율, 육질특성, 지방산조성 및 분내 유해가스 함량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis. 16th ed. Association of official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D. C.
  2. Bohme, H., Fleckenstein, J., Hu, Z. and Schnug, E. 2002. Bilanzversuche zum Einsatz von Seltenen Erden in der Schweinemast. In: 114. VDLUFA Kongress, Leipzig, 16-20
  3. Borger, C. 2003. Alternative Methoden in der Schweinemast. Untersuchungen zum leistungssteigernden Potential Seltener Erden und zur jodanreicherung im Gewebe durch die Verfutterung von Meeresalgen. Dissertation med. Vet., Ludwing-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen
  4. Busse, F. W. 1993. Comparison measurements of the house climate in swine stables with and without respiratory diseases or cannibalism. In: Livestock Environment(Collins E. and Boon C. eds). Fourth International Symposium, University of Warwick, Coventry, England. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp: 904-908
  5. Cheng, Q., Gao, J., Jing, B., Yuan, D. and Pong, X. 1994. The apparent digestibility of rare earth elements and their effect on crude protein and fat digestibility in pigs. Jiangsu Agriculture Science (Chinese) 1:59-61
  6. Crook, B., Robertson, J. F., Glass, S. A. T., Botheroyd, M., Lacey, J. and Topping, M. D. 1991. Airborne dust, ammonia, microorganisms and antigens in pig confinement houses and the repiatory health of exposed farm-workers. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 52:271-279 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298669191364721
  7. Decker, E. A. and Shantha, N. C. 1994. Concentration of the anticarcinogen, conjugated linoleic acid in beef. Meat Focus International. 3:61
  8. Deveci, M., Eski, M., Sengezer, M. and Kissa, U. 2000. Effects of Cerium nitrate bathing and prompt burn wound excision on IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in burned rats. Burns 26:41-45 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00107-2
  9. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11:1-14 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  10. Eisele, N. 2003. Untersuchungen zum Einsatz Seltener Erden als Leistungsforderer beim Schwein. Dissertation med. Vet., Ludwing-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen
  11. Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane-Stanley, G. H. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497-509
  12. Goldspink, G. and McLoughlin, J. V. 1964. Studies on pig muscle. 3. The effect of temperature on the solubility of the sarcoplasmic proteins in relation th color changes in post-rigor muscle. Ir. J. Agric. Res. 3:9
  13. He, M. L., Drnz, D. and Rambeck, W. A. 2001. Study on the performance enhancing effect of rare earth elements in growing and fatting pigs. J. Anim. Phsyiology A. Anim. Nutr. 85:263-270 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00327.x
  14. He, M. L., Wang, Y. Z., Xu, Z. R., Chen, M. L. and Rambeck, W. A. 2003. Effect of dietary rare earth elements on growth performance and blood parameters of rats. J. Anim. Physiol. A. Anim. Nutr. 87:229-235 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00432.x
  15. Hilditch, T. P., Jones, E. C. and Rhead, A. J. 1984. The body fats of the han. J. Biochem 28:786-792
  16. Hirano, S. and Suzuki, K. T. 1996. Environ. Health Perspect. 104(suppl. 1), 85-95 https://doi.org/10.2307/3432699
  17. Hofmann, K., Hamm, R. and Bluchel, E. 1982. New information on the determination of water binding in meat by the filter paper press method. Fleischwirtsch 62:87-94
  18. Hu, Q. H. and Ye, Z. J. 1996. Physiological effects of rare earth elements on plants. Chinese Plant Physiology Communication, 32(4):296-300
  19. Kessler, J. 2004. Lanthanoide-Wachstumsforder mit Zukunft. In: Schweinehaltung, 04. 255, Sursee/Oberkirch 22-23
  20. Lin, H. C. and Visek, W. J. 1991. Colon mucosal cell damage by ammonia in rats. J. Nutr. 121:887-893 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.6.887
  21. Liu, P., Liu, Y., Lu, Z., Zu, J., Zhu, J., Dong, J., Pang, D., Shen, P. and Pang, S. 2004. Study on biological effect of $La^{3+}$ on Escherichia coli by atomic force microscopy. J Inorganic Bio-Chemistry. 98:68-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.08.012
  22. Lu, K. W. and Yang, W. Z. 1996. Effects of rare earth elements on availability of energy and amino acids in broiler. Acta. Agric. Shanghai (Chinese) 12:78-82
  23. Muroma A. 1958. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 36(Suppl) 6:1-54
  24. National Pork Producers Council. 2000. Pork Composition and Quality Assessment Procedures. National Pork Producers Council, P.O. Box 10383, Des Moines, Iowa 50306
  25. NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of swine. National Research Council, Academy Press
  26. SAS. 1996. SAS user's guide: Statisics, SAS Inst, Inc., Cary, NC
  27. Shang, L. and Liu, X. 1997. Rare earths as a feed additive for poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 53:369-379 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19970029
  28. Slanina, S. 1994. Forest dieback and ammonia-a typical Dutch problem. Chemistry International. 16:2-3
  29. Sturdivant, C. A., Lunt, D. K., Smith, G. C. and Smith. S. B. 1992. Fatty acid composition of sudcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues and M. longissimus dorsi of Wagyu cattle. Meat Science. 32:449-458 https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(92)90086-J
  30. Wan, Q., Jiang, W. Q., Luo, L. G., Liu, S., Ning, J. B. and Yuan, F. Z. 1997. Studies of rare earth additive for pig feed. Rare Earth 18(4):38-42
  31. Wang, M. Q. and Xu, Z. R. 2003. Effect of supplemental Lanthanum on the growth performance of pigs. Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci. 16(9):1360-1363 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1360
  32. Wang, Q. 1989. Study of effects of rare earth added in the diet broiler chicken. Hunan Agricultural Science 1:28
  33. Witte, V. C., Krause, G. F. and Bailey, M. E. 1970. A new extraction method for determining 2-thiobarbituric acid values for pork and beef during storage. J. Food Sci. 35:582-587 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb04815.x
  34. Xie, K., Xing, Y., Zhang, J., Zhong, H., He, N. and Deng, S. 1991. Effects of rare earth elements of growth of broilers. Res. Agricult. Mod. (Chinese) 12:50-54
  35. 包玉民. 2001. 동물사육을 위한 희토의 연구 및 응용. 희토광물의 농업적 이용에 관한 국제심포지엄. 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소. pp: 9-13
  36. 胡忠澤. 1999. 稀土對生長猪日粮養分消化性的影響. 飼料博覽 (Chinese). 11(1)
  37. 紀雲晶. 2003. 稀土與人體健康, 希土的基礎知識與應用, 中國稀土在腺. (Chinese) 3-5
  38. 吳德. 2003. 稀土元素飼料添加劑的硏究進展. 四川農業大學動物營養硏究所. 四川雅安, 中國. 1-4
  39. 張宏江, 包玉敏, 張宇生. 2000. 稀土在農牧養殖業中的應用. 包斗市金稀土生 物應用有限公司. (Chinese) 35-80
  40. 김정. 2004. 자돈에 대한 희토급여 효과와 비육돈의 도체성상에 미치는 영향. 전북대학교 석사 학위논문
  41. 송태화. 2004. 희토의 쥐에 대한 급여효과와 미생물 생장에 미치는 영향. 전북대학교 석사학위논문
  42. 송태화. 2007. 희토의 급여가 육계와 돼지에 미치는 영향. 전북대학교 박사학위논문
  43. 송태화, 박홍석. 2007. 희토와 클로르테트라시이클인이 육계의 생산성 및 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지 34(1):23-29 https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2007.34.1.023