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Antioxidant Activities and Induction of Apoptosis by Methanol Extracts from Avocado

아보카도 추출물의 Apoptosis 유도와 항산화 활성

  • Lee, Sung-Gyu (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Yu, Mi-Hee (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, Sam-Pin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, In-Seon (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University)
  • Published : 2008.03.31

Abstract

The avocado is a widely grown and consumed fruit that is high in nutrients and low in calories, sodium, and fats. In this study, antioxidant activities and induction of apoptosis by methanol extracts from sarcocarp, seed and peel of avocado were investigated in vitro. Contents of total polyphenols in methanol extracts from sarcocarp, seed and peel were 13.89, 137.12 and $223.45{\mu}g/mg$ respectively. Radical-scavenging activities of the methanol extracts were examined by using ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The methanol extracts from the peel of avocado showed higher scavenging activities against DPPH, ABTS than those from sarcocarp and seed. Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells mediated by the methanol extracts of avocado was associated with the increase of activation of caspase-3 and caspase-3 target protein, PARP. Therefore, with more researches on identification and action mechanism of active compounds, the methanol extracts from peel and seed of avocado is expected to be a natural source for the developments of functional food and medical agents to prevent human breast cancer.

본 연구에서는 아보카도의 기능성 소재로서의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위해, 아보카도의 과육, 씨, 껍질을 각각 분리한 후 추출물을 제조하여 이들 각각의 항산화 효과를 연구하였고, 인간유래 유방암 세포주인 MDA-MB-231 세포주를 사용하여 항암활성을 살펴보았다. 아보카도 과육과 씨 및 껍질의 메탄올 추출물에 존재하는 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 아보카도 과육과 씨 및 껍질 추출물이 각각 13.89, 137.2, $223.45{\mu}g/mg$으로 아보카도 껍질 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 총 플라보노이드 함량에서도 각각 4.03, 5.69, $13.6{\mu}g/mg$으로 폴리페놀 함량보다는 다소 낮게 나타났지만 총 플라보노이드 함량 역시 껍질에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 각 시료의 DPPH 소거활성을 농도별로 측정한 결과, 아보카도 껍질 추출물이 $5{\mu}g/mL$에서 60.4%로 껍질 추출물이 가장 우수한 항산화능을 보였다. 또한 $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ 소거활성을 trolox, BHA, ascorbic acid와 비교하여 측정한 결과, 아보카도 껍질 추출물은 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 60.4%의 소거활성을 보였고, DPPH 소거활성과 동일하게 껍질 추출물에서 가장 우수한 소거활성능을 보였다. 아보카도 씨, 껍질 추출물이 apoptosis를 유도하는지를 관찰한 결과 씨, 껍질 추출물 모두 caspase-3, PARP 단백질들의 발현을 유도하였고, 이들은 모두 $200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 가장 높게 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 DNA 분절 현상을 관찰한 결과 씨 추출물에서는 100, $200{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서, 껍질 추출물에서 10, 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 DNA 분절화 현상이 일어난 것을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 아보카도 씨와 껍질 추출물은 apoptosis를 유도하는 유전자인 caspase에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며, 순차적으로 DNA 분절을 활성화시켜 호르몬 비의존성 유방암 MDAMB-231 세포주의 apoptosis의 유도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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