The Effect of Celosia cristata L. ethanol Extract on Anti-oxidant & Anti-aging Activity

맨드라미 (Celosia cristata L.) 에탄올 추출물이 항산화 및 항노화 작용에 미치는 효과

  • Pyo, Young-Hee (Dept. of Skin & Beauty, Osan college) ;
  • Yoon, Mi-Yun (Dept. of Skin & Beauty, Osan college) ;
  • Son, Ju-Hyun (Dept. of Bioengineering, Graduate School at Konkuk University) ;
  • Choe, Tae-Boo (Dept. of Bioengineering, Graduate School at Konkuk University)
  • Published : 2008.10.31

Abstract

For the experiment, to develop new materials for cosmetics, the Celosia cristata L. plant ethanol extract were used for physiological effect and cosmetics application research. The Celosia cristata L. is a Korean traditional variety grown. To investigate the effect of Ethanol extract of Celosia cristata L. on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant activity and anti-aging activity. Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract itself had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner in 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging. Ethanol extract had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Silica dose-dependently increased the intracellular ROS generation in RAW 264.7 cells. Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract inhibited silica-induced intracellular superoxide anion generation and $H_2O_2$ generation and hydro-peroxide generation in RAW 264.7 cells. For anti-aging effects, the hyaluronidase inhibition effects, were relatively strong and they also showed elastase activity inhibition effects, which suggesting the Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract might be used as hydration and anti-wrinkle agents. From the above results, it is referred that Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract appears to have potent anti-oxidant activity and anti-aging activity.

본 연구에서는 화장품 신소재 개발을 위하여 맨드라미(Celosia cristata L.) 식물의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 생리활성 효과 정도 및 화장품의 응용에 대한 연구를 하였다. 맨드라미는 자생력이 강하고 전국 어디서나 재배가 용이한 장점을 가지고 있으나 세포수준이나 in vivo에서 맨드라미의 항산화 및 항노화 효과에 대한 실험 결과는 보고된 바 없다. 맨드라미 추출물의 피부 자극성을 알아보기 위해 세포 독성을 관찰하였으며 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 89.5%의 비교적 낮은 세포 독성을 나타내어 사람 섬유아세포에서의 세포활성 효과가 우수하였다. DPPH를 이용한 항산화 작용측정에 있어서 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 작용을 나타내었고, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 25%의 항산화력을 보였으며, silica에 의한 RAW 264.7 세포내 superoxide anion 생성을 최고 농도인 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 49.5%로 억제하여 강한 항산화력을 나타냈으며, DCF-DA를 이용한 세포내 $H_2O_2$ 생성을 측정한 실험에서에서도 맨드라미 에탄올 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 작용을 나타내어 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 73%로 강력하게 항산화력을 보였다. 또한 hydroxyl radical 생성을 모두 농도 의존적으로 억제하여 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 69.7%의 강력한 억제력을 나타내어 항산화 효능이 매우 우수하다고 보여진다. 항노화 효능에 있어서 hyaluronidase 억제 결과 농도 의존적으로 효과가 우수하여 최고 농도인 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 40%의 높은 억제율을 보였으며, 그 외 elastase에서는 39.7%의 억제율을 나타냈다. 이는 맨드라미가 hyaluronidase나 elastase발현의 전사단계에 관련하거나 혹은 단백질 번역 후 변형 (post-translation modification) 단계에 관여하여 효소를 억제하는 효과를 나타내는 것으로 추정해 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 자원의 재생산이 용이한 맨드라미의 식용 및 약용 자원으로서의 활용가능성을 시사하며, 맨드라미 추출물을 제조하여 화장품에 응용하면 우수한 보습제 및 항산화제, 노화 방지 화장품을 개발할 수 있다고 판단되어진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Palada, M. C. and S. M. A. Crossman (1999), Evaluation of tropical leaf vegetables in the Virgin Islands, In: Janick, J. (Ed.), Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria. 338-393
  2. Wong, K. Y. (1994), Chinese Herbal Medicine, Wokman Press, Hong Kong
  3. Xu, G. J., Zi Ji Guan, Hua Ji Guan, and Miao Ji Guan (1996), Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine, China Medicine Sci. Technol., Beijing. 2, 509-511
  4. Medical plants of Korea, www.medicalplant.org
  5. Wehmer, C. (1929), Die Pflanzenstoffe, 2nd Edition, Fischer Verlag, Jena. 1, 299
  6. Piattelli, M. and G. Impellizzeri (1970), 2-Descarboxybetanidin, a minor betacyanin from Carpobrotus acinaciformis, Phytochemistry 9, 2553-2556 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85776-3
  7. Minale, L., M. Piattelli, S. De Stefano, and R. A. Nicolaus (1966), Pigments of centrospermae-VI. acylated betacyanins, Phytochemistry 5, 1037-1052 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86098-7
  8. Nam, H. K. and G. H. Rho (1988), Composition of fatty acid and amino acid in water extracted material Cockscomb plant root, J. Korea Soc. Food Nutr. 17(2), 172-175
  9. Nobuhiro Sasaki, Yutaka Abe, Katsuhiro Wada, Takatoshi Koda, Yukihiro Goda, Taiji Adachi, and Yoshihiro Ozeki (2005), Amaranthin in feather cockscombs is synthesized via glucuronylation at the cyclo-DOPA glucoside step in the betacyanin biosynthetic pathway, Journal of Plant Research
  10. Yaolin Wen, Md. Tofazzal Islam, and Satoshi Tahata. (2006), Phenolic constituents of celosia cristata L. susceptible to spinach root rot Pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2567-2570
  11. Ahn, D. K. (1988), Illustrated book of korea medicinal herbs. Kyohak Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. p309
  12. Takamasa Ohno, Inoue Makoto, Ogihara Yukio, and Saracoglu Iclal (2002), Atimetastatic activity of acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25(5), 666-668 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.666
  13. Begam M., S. Narwal, S. Roy, S. Kumar, M. L. Lodha, and H. C. Kapoor (2006), An antivivral protein having deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease activity from leaves of the post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata, Biochemical. 1, 44-48
  14. Kim Jeung-Hoan, So-Jung Yoon, Kyoung-Hwan Lee, Hyo-Jung Kwon, Sung-Sook Chun, Tae-Wan Kim, and Young-Je Cho (2005) Screening of biological activities of the extracts from Bisil (Ocimum basilicum L.), J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 48(2), 173-177
  15. Rhu, I. S. (2006), A study of dermal bioactive properties of the ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor, Ph. D. Dissertation, Dept. of Oriental medical, Wonkwang University, Seoul
  16. Fantone J. C. and P. A. Ward (1982), Role of oxygen derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte dependent inflammatory reaction, Ann. J. Path. 107, 397
  17. Scharffetter-Kochanek K. (1997), Photoaging of the connective tissue of skin: its prevention and therapy, antioxidants in disease mechanism and therapy, ed. H. Sies. 38, 639
  18. Andreadou I, F. Sigala, E. K. lliodromitis, M. Papaefthimiou, C. Sigala, N. Aligiannis, P. Savvari, V. Gorgoulis, E. Papalabros, and D. Kremastinos (2007), Acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is successfully treated with the phytochemical oleuropein through suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 42, 549-558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.11.016
  19. Perez G. R. M., S. R. Vargas, M. F. J. Martinez, and R. II. Cordova (2004), Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-3,6,4'-trimethoxy flavone from Brickellia veronicaefolia, Phytotherapy research. 18, 428-430 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1445
  20. Nomura K, H. Imai, T. Koumura, M. Arai, and Y. Nakagawa (1999), Mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase suppresses apoptosis mediated by a mitochondrial death pathway, The Journal of biological chemistry. 274, 29294-29302 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.41.29294
  21. Huang H. M., H. Zhang, H. C. Ou, H. L. Chen, G. E. Gibson (2004), Alpha-Keto-beta-methyl-n-valeric acid diminishes reactive oxygen species and alters endoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$ stores, Free radical biology & medicine. 37, 1779-1789 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.001
  22. Jacob C, G. E. Arteel, T. Kanda, L. Engman, and H. Sies (2000), Water-soluble organotellurium compounds:catalytic protection against peroxynitrite and release of zinc from metallothionein, Chemical research in toxicology. 13, 3-9 https://doi.org/10.1021/tx990156g
  23. Kim Y. S., Y. K. Noh, G. I. Lee, and Y. K. Kim (1995), Inhibitory effects of herbal medicines on hyaluronidase activity, Korea Journal of Pharmacology. 26, 265-272
  24. Kim Seung Hun, Gae Won Nam, Byung Young Kang, Hae Kwang Lee, Seong Joon Moon, and Ih Seop Chang. (2005), The effect of kaempferol, quercetin on hyaluronan-synthesis stimulation in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea. 31, 97-102
  25. Choi, H. S. (1994), Peroxide and nutrition of lipids, J. Kor. Soc. Food Nutr. 23, 867-878
  26. Lim, S. Y., J. Y. Lee, C. S. Lee, Y. J. Jang, J. W. Park, and S. Yoon (2007), Antioxidant and cell proliferation effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line, Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 6, 694-700
  27. Choi, C. H., E. S. Song, J. S. Kim, and M. H. Kang (2003), Antioxidative activites of Castanea crenata Flos. methanol extracts, Korean J. Food Sci. Technol.. 35, 1216-1220
  28. Jorge, A. P., H. Horst, E. D. Sousa, M. G. Pizzolatti, and F. R. M. B. Silva (2004), Insulinomimetic effects of kaempferitin on glycaemia and on $^{14}$C-glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle. Chem. Biol. Interaction 149, 89-96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2004.07.001
  29. Eliandra de Sousa, Leila Zanatta, Ilana Seifriz, Tania Beatriz creczynski-Pasa, Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti, Bruno Szpoganicz, and Fatima Regina Mena Barreto Silva (2004), Hypoglycemic Effect and Antioxidant Potential of Kaempferol-3,7-O-(${\alpha}$)-dirhamnoside from Bauhinia forficata Leaves, J. Nat. Prod. 67, 829-832 https://doi.org/10.1021/np030513u
  30. Francis F. J. (1999), Anthocyanins and betalains, In Colorants. francis FJ, ed, Eagan Press, St, Paul, MN. pp55-66
  31. Escribano J, M. A. Pedreno, C. F. Garcia, and R. Munoz (1998), Characterization of the antiradical activity of betalains from Beta vulgaris L. root, Phytochem Anal. 9, 124-127 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199805/06)9:3<124::AID-PCA401>3.0.CO;2-0
  32. Kanner K., S. Harel, and R. Granit (2001), Betalains-A new class of dietary cationized antioxidants, J. Agric Food Chem. 49, 5178-5185 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010456f
  33. Yizhong C, S. Mei, and C. Harold (2003), Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the amaranthaceae, J. Agric Food Chem. 51, 2288-2294 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030045u
  34. Lee, B. H., B. W. Choi, J. H. Chun, and B. S. Yu. (1996), Extraction of water soluble antioxidants from seaweeds, J. Korean Ind. & Eng. Chemistry 7(6), 1066-1077
  35. KoguKuchi, N. (1999), Protocol for free radical experimant, suiyoonsa, Japan. 40-45
  36. Cortran R. S., V. Kumar, and T. Collins (1999), Pathologic basis of disease, 6th ed., pp50-112, W. B. Saunders Company
  37. Cho Y.J., M. S. Seo, J. K. Kim, Y. Lim, G. Chae, K. S. Ha, and K. H. Lee (1999), Silica-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in Rat2 fibroblast: role in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, Biochemical and biophysical research communication. 262, 708-712 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1274
  38. Kuo W. N., R. N. Kanadia, and V. P. Shanbhag (1999), Denitration of peroxynitrite-treated proteins by "protein nitratases" from dog prostate, Biochemistry and molecular biology international. 47, 1061-1067
  39. Si Chuan-Ling, Jin-Kyu Kim, Dong-Joo Kwon, and Young-Soo Bae (2006), Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Paulownia coreana Uyeki, Mokchae Konghak. 34(1), 79-85
  40. Gabriela Sepulveda-Jimenez, Patricia Rueda-Benitez, Helena Porta, and Mario Rocha-Sosa (2004), Betacyanin synthesis in red beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves induced by wounding and bacterial infiltration is preceded by an oxidative burst, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 64, 125-133 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.08.003
  41. Moon, H. L., S. H. Lyu, J. H. Roh, and O. P. Zee (2000), Antioxidative compounds of Antioxidative compounds of Achillea sibirica Ledeb, Kor. J. Med. Crop Sci. 8, 1-8
  42. Meyer, K. (1947), The biological significance of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase, Physiol. Rev. 27, 335-359 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1947.27.3.335
  43. Kakegawa. H., H. Matsumoto, and T. Satoh (1985), Avtivation of hyaluronidase by metallicsalts and compound 48/80, and inhibitory effect of anti-allergic agents on hyaluronidase, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33, 642-646 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.642
  44. Golberg, R. L., J. P. Huff, M. E. Lenz, P. Glickman, R. Katz, and E. J. M. A. Thonar. (1991), Elevated plasma levels of hyaluronate in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Arth. Rhem. 34, 799-807 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780340704
  45. Ghosh, P. (1994), The role of hyaluronic acid(hyaluronan) in health and disease:interactions with cells, cartilage and components of synovial fluids, Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 12, 82-85
  46. Kim S. H., G. W. Nam, B. Y. Kang, H. K. Lee, S. J. Moon, and I. S. Chang (2005), The effect of kaempferol, quercetin on hyaluronan synthesis stimulation in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), J. Soc. comet Scientists Korea. 33(1), 97-102
  47. Kuppusamy U. R., H. E. Khoo, and N. P. Das (1990), Structureactivity studies of flavonoids as inhibitors of hyaluronidase, Biochemical Pharmacology. 40, 397-401 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(90)90709-T
  48. Wiedow O. J., M. Schroder, and E. Christophers (1990), Elafin: An elastase specific inhibition of human skin, J. Biol. Chem. 265(25), 14791-14801
  49. Mokawa G., Y. Takema, Y. Yorimoto, K. Tsukahara, M. Kawai, and S. Imayama (1995), Degree of ultraviolet-induced tortuosity of elastic fibers in rat skin is age dependent, The Journal of investigative dermatology 105, 254-258 https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12317607
  50. Yang Hee Jung, Bo Ryoung Won, Young Jin Lim, Sun Kyeong Yoon, Dong Hwan Ji, Jee Yeon Choi, Seung Joo Han, Chung Woo Lee, and Soo Nam Park (2007), Antioxidative Activity, Component Analysis, and Anti-elastase Effect of Aspalathus linearis Extract, J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea. 4, 251-262
  51. Lee S. Y., J. H. An, and H. Y. Cho (2003), Isolation and characterization of MMP-1 inhibitor peptide from Crataegus pinnatifida bunge in fibroblast cell line HS68 cells, J. Kor. Soc. Agric. Chem. Biotechno. 46(1), 60-65
  52. Lee K. K. and J. D. Choi (1986), Inactivation of spinach glycolat oxidase by arginine-specific reagent, Kor. Biochem. J. 119(1), 86-92
  53. Fleischmajor R., J. S. Perlish, and R. I. Bashey (1972), Human dermal glucosaminoglycans and aging, Bio chem. Biophys. Acta, 279(2), 265 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(72)90142-0