References
- Vree TB, Verwey-van Wissen CP. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of codeine in humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1992;13: 445-60 https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2510130607
- Quiding H, Lundqvist G, Boreus LO, Bondesson U, Ohrvik J. Analgesic effect and plasma concentrations of codeine and morphine after two dose levels of codeine following oral surgery. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44:319-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316466
- Casale TB, Bowman S, Kaliner M. Induction of human cutaneous mast cell degranulation by opiates and endogenous opioid peptides: evidence for opiate and nonopiate receptor participation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;73:775-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(84)90447-0
- Arndt KA, Jick H. Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. JAMA 1976;235:918-23 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.235.9.918
- Schoenfeld MR. Acute allergic reactions to morphine, codeine, meperidine, hydrocholoride, and opium alkaloid. N Y State J Med 1960;60:2591-3
- De Groot AC, Conemans J. Allergic urticarial rash from oral codeine. Contact Dermatitis 1986;14:209-14 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01226.x
- Rodríguez A, Barranco R, Latasa M, de Urbina JJ, Estrada JL. Generalized dermatitis due to codeine. Cross-sensitization among opium alkaloids. Contact Dermatitis 2005;53:240 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.0670h.x
- Vidal C, Pérez-Leiros P, Bugarín R, Armisén M. Fever and urticaria to codeine. Allergy 2000;55:416-7 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00556.x
- Harle DG, Baldo BA, Coroneos NJ, Fisher MM. Anaphylaxis following administration of papaveretum. Case report: implication of IgE antibodies that react with morphine and codeine, and identification of an allergenic determinant. Anesthesiology 1989; 71:489-94
- Kuokkanen K. Erythema fixum of the genitals and the mucous membranes. Int J Dermatol 1974;13:4-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1974.tb01758.x
- Torok H. Dermatitis medicamentosa: a ten-year study. Dermatol Int 1969;8:57-62 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1969.tb05332.x
- Ponte CD. A suspected case of codeine-induced erythema multiforme. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983;17:128-30 https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808301700210
- Hunskaar S, Dragsund S. Scarlatiniform rash and urticaria due to codeine. Ann Allergy 1985;54:240-1
- Rodriguez F, Fernandez L, Garcia-Abujeta JL, Maquiera E, Llaca HF, Jerez J. Generalized dermatitis due to codeine. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:120
- Nasser SM, Ewan PW. Opiate-sensitivity: clinical characteristics and the role of skin prick testing. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31: 1014-20 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01090.x
- Kubota T, Yamaura Y, Ohkawa N, Hara H, Chiba K. Frequencies of CYP2D6 mutant alleles in a normal Japanese population and metabolic activity of dextromethorphan O-demethylation in different CYP2D6 genotypes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50:31-4 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00209.x
- Droll K, Bruce-Mensah K, Otton SV, Gaedigk A, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. Comparison of three CYP2D6 probe substrates and genotype in Ghanaians, Chinese and Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics 1998;8:325-33 https://doi.org/10.1097/00008571-199808000-00006
- Yu A, Kneller BM, Rettie AE, Haining RL. Expression, purification, biochemical characterization, and comparative function of human cytochrome P450 2D6.1, 2D6.2, 2D6.10, and 2D6.17 allelic isoforms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;303:1291-300 https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.039891