DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recent Progress in the Development of Organometallic Complexes, Inorganic Phosphors and Quantum Dots for White Light Emitting Devices

  • Raja, Inam ul Haq (Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne) ;
  • Lee, So-Ha (Life Sciences Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology)
  • Published : 2008.06.30

Abstract

Recent years have brought remarkable developments in white light emitting devices (WLEDs) and white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs). However, their efficiency, CIE values, CRI and lifetime are still not ideal. This review covers detailed discussion about syntheses of organometallic complexes, inorganic phosphors and quantum dots used in WLEDs, WOLEDs and their electroluminescent properties until December 2007.

Keywords

References

  1. I. H. Raja, S. J. Jung and S. H. Lee, Recent Progress in the Development of Small Organic Molecules for White Organic Light Emitting Devices, J. Kor. Oil Chem. Soc., 25, 91 (2008)
  2. I. H. Raja, J. Y. Lee, I. T. Kim and S. H. Lee, Recent progress in the development of polymers for white light-emitting polymer devices, Monatsh. Chem., 139, In press (2008)
  3. J. Kido, W. Ikeda, M. Kimura and K. Nagai, White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices using lanthanide complexes, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 35, L394 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.35.L394
  4. I. F. Trotter, Characterizing solventsoluble dyes by optical transmission methods, J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists, 78, 76 (1962)
  5. W. A. Thornton, New generation of deluxe fluorescent lamps combining an efficiency of 80 lumens/W or more with a color rendering index of approximately 85, J. Electrochem. Soc., 122, 842 (1975)
  6. F. S Liang, Y. X. Cheng, G. P. Su, D. G. Ma, L. X. Wang, X. B. Jing and F. S. Wang, White organic electroluminescence based on a new boron complex, Synth. Met., 137, 1109 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01101-3
  7. Y. Liu, J. Guo, H. Zhang and Y. Wang, Highly efficiency white organic electroluminescence from a double-layer device based on boron hydroxyphenylpyridine complex, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 182 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020104)41:1<182::AID-ANIE182>3.0.CO;2-B
  8. J. Feng, F. Li, W. Gao, S. Liu, Y. Liu and Y. Wang, White light emission from exciplex using tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum as chromaticity-tuning layer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 3947 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1379788
  9. J.-A. Cheng and C. H. Chen, White organic electroluminescence from an exciplex based on the novel substituted aluminium quinolate complex, J. Mater. Chem., 15, 1179 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1039/b415095c
  10. J.-H. Niu, W.-L. Li, H.-Z. Wei, M.-T. Li, W.-M. Su, Q. Xin, Z.-Q. Zhang and Z.-Z, Hu, White organic light-emitting diodes based on bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (para-phenylphenolato)aluminium(III) doped with tiny red dopant, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 1136 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/8/006
  11. T. Justel, H. Nikol and C. Ronda, New development in the field of luminescent materials for lighting and display, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 37, 3085 (1998)
  12. S. Tokito, T. Iijima, T. Tsuzuki and F. Sato, High-efficiency white phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with greenish-blue and redemitting layers, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 2459 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1611620
  13. Y. Sun, N. C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. E. Thompson and S. R. Forrest, Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices, Nature (London), 440, 908 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04645
  14. X.-M. Yu, H.-S. Kwok, W.-Y. Wong and G.-J. Zhou, High-efficiency white organic light-emitting devices based on a highly amorphous iridium(III) orange phosphor, Chem. Mater., 18, 5097 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061030p
  15. S. Kappaun, S. Eder, S. Sax, R. Saf, K. Mereiter, E. J. W. List and C. Slugovc, WPLEDs prepared from main-chain fluorene-iridium(III) polymers, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 4389 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1039/b611738d
  16. Y.-K. Jang, D.-E. Kim, W.-S. Kim, B.-S. Kim, O.-K. Kwon, B.-J. Lee and Y.-S. Kwon, White OLEDs based on novel emissive materials such as $Zn(HPB)_2$ and Zn(HPB)q, Thin Solid film, 515, 5075 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.098
  17. Y.-A. Lee, J. E. McGarrah, R. L. Lachicotte and R. Eisenberg, Multiple emissions and brilliant white luminescence from gold(I) O,O-di(alkyl)dithiophosphate dimers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 10662 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0267876
  18. J. Kido and Y. Okamoto, Organolanthanide metal complexes for electroluminescent materials, Chem. Rev., 102, 2357 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010448y
  19. W. G. Quirino, C. Legnani, M. Cremona, P. P. Lima, S. A. Junior and O. L. Malta, White OLED using $\beta$-diketones rare earth binuclear complex as emitting layer, Thin Solid Films, 494, 23 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.185
  20. P. Coppo, M. Duati, V. N. Kozhevnikov, J. W. Hofstraat and L. De Cola, White-light emission from an assembly comprising luminescent iridium and europium complexes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 1806 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200461953
  21. D. Zhao, W. Li, Z. Hong, X. Liu, C. Liang and D. Zhao, White light emitting organic electroluminescent devices using lanthanide dinuclear complexes, J. of Luminescence, 82, 105 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00038-1
  22. S. W. Pyo, S. P. Lee, H. S. Lee, O. K. Kwon, H. S. Hoe, S. H. Lee, Y.-K. Ha, Y. K. Kim and J. S. Kim, White-lightemitting organic electroluminescent devices using new chelate metal complexes, Thin Solid Films, 363, 232 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(99)01064-0
  23. S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, N. Iwasa and S.-I. Nagahama, High-power InGaN single-quantum-well-structure blue and violet light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 1868 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.114359
  24. J. K. Park, K. J. Choi, K. N. Kim and C. H. Kim, Investigation of strontium silicate yellow phosphors for white light emitting diodes from a combinatorial chemistry, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 031108 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1984103
  25. Y. S. Lin, R. S. Liu and B.-M. Cheng, Investigation of the luminescent properties of $Tb{3+}$-substituted YAG:Ce, Gd phosphors, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, J41 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1896307
  26. S. Lee and S. Y. Seo, Optimization of yttrium aluminum garnet, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, J85 (2002)
  27. D. Haranath, H. Chander, P. Sharma and S. Singh, Enhanced luminescence of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$ nanophosphor for white light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 173118 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2367657
  28. X. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Zhang and Q. Su, Photoluminescence properties $Eu{2+}$ doped $Ba_2ZnS_3$ phosphor for white light emitting diodes, Materials Letters, 61, 761 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.055
  29. J. K. Park, K. J. Choi, S. H. Park, C. H. Kim and H. K. Kim, Application of $Ba^{2+}.Mg^{2+}$ co-doped $Sr_2SiO_4$ : Eu yellow phosphor for white-light-emitting diodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, H121 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1939187
  30. J.-H, Yum, S.-Y. Seo, S. Lee and Y.-E. Sung, $Y_3Al_5O{12}$ : phosphor coatings on gallium nitride for white light emitting diodes, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, H47 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1535207
  31. S. J. Chang, L. W. Wu, Y. K. Su, C. H. Kuo, W. C. Lai, Y. P. Hsu, J. K. Sheu, J. F. Chen and J. M. Tsai, Si and Zn co-doped InGaN-GaN white light-emitting diodes, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 50, 519 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2002.808525
  32. Y. Q. Li, A. C. A. Delsing, G. de With and H. T. Hintzen, Luminescence properties of $Eu^{2+}$-activated alkaline-earth silicon-oxynitride $MSi_2O_{2-\delta}N_{2+2/3\delta}$ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba), Chem. Mater., 17, 3242 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1021/cm050175d
  33. X. Zhao, X. Wang, B. Chen, Q. Meng, W. Di, G. Ren and Y. Yang, Novel $Eu^{3+}$-doped red-emitting phosphor $Gd_2Mo_3O_9$ for white-light-emitting-diodes (WLEDs) application, J. Alloys and Compounds, 433, 352 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.096
  34. Y. Hu, W. Zhuang, H. Ye, D. Wang, S. Zhang and X. Huang, A novel red phosphor for white light emitting diodes, J. Alloys and Compounds, 390, 226 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.07.063
  35. J. S. Kim, S. W. Mho, Y. H. Park, J. C. Choi, H. L. Park and G. S. Kim, White-light-emitting $Eu^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$- codoped silicate phosphors synthesized through combustion process, Solid State Comm., 136, 504 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2005.09.021
  36. W. Ding, J. Wang, M. Zhang, Q. Zhang and Q. Su, A novel orange phosphor of $Eu^{2+}$-activated calcium chlorosilicate for white light-emitting diodes, J. Solid State Chem., 179, 3582 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2006.07.007
  37. R. Le Toquin and A. K. Cheetham, Red-emitting cerium-based phosphor materials for solid-state lighting applications, Chem. Phys. Lett, 423, 352 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.03.056
  38. A. P. Alivisatos, Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots, Science, 271, 933 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5251.933
  39. W. W. Yu, L. Qu, W. Guo and X. Peng, Chem. Mater., 15, 2854 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1021/cm034081k
  40. M. J. Bowers II, J. R. McBride and S. J. Rosenthal, White-light emission from magic-sized cadmium selenide nanocrystals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 15378 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja055470d
  41. H. S. Chen, S. J. J. Wang, C. J. Lo and J. Y. Chi, White-light emission from organics-capped ZnSe quantum dots and application in white-light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 131905 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1886894
  42. Y. Li, A. Rizzo, R. Cingolani and G. Gigli, Bright white-light-emitting device from ternary naanocrystal composites, Adv. Mater., 18, 2545 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200600181
  43. J. Zhao, J. Zhang, C. Jiang, J. Bohnenberger, T. Basche and A. Mews, Electroluminescence from isolated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in multilayer light-emitting diodes, J. Appl. Phys., 96, 3206 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1784611
  44. H. Yang, and P. H. Holloway, J. Phys. Chem. B., 107, 9705 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1021/jp034749i
  45. M. C. Schlamp, X. Peng, and A. P. Alivisatos, J. Appl. Phys., 82, 5837 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.366452
  46. S. Coe, W.-K. Woo, M. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, Electroluminescence from single monolayers of nanocrystals in molecular organic devices, Nature, 420, 800 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01217
  47. D. J. Binks, S. P. Bant, D. P. West, P. O'Brian and A. Malik, CdSe/CdS corelshell quantum dots as sensitizer of a photorefractive polymer composite, J. Mod. Opt., 50, 299 (2003)
  48. S. Chaudhary, M. Ozkan and W. C. W. Chan, Trilayer hybrid polymer-quantum dot light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 2925 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699476
  49. R. A. M. Hikmet, P. T. K. Chin, D. V. Talapin and H. Weller, Polarized-lightemitting quantum-rod diodes, Adv. Mater., 17, 1436 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401763
  50. Z. Zhao, J. A. Bardecker, A. M. Munro, M. S. Liu, Y. Niu, I.-K. Ding, J. Luo, B. Chen, A. K.-Y. Jen and D. S. Ginger, Efficient Cd/Se/CdS quantum dot light-emitting diodes using a thermally polymerized hole transport layer, Nano Lett., 6, 463 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052417e
  51. V. L. Colvin, M. C. Schlamp and A. P. Alivisatos, Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer, Nature, 370, 354 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1038/370354a0
  52. M. Gao, C. Lesser, S. Kirstein, H. Mohwald, A. L. Rogach and H. Weller, Electroluminescence of different colors from polycation / CdTe nanocrystal self-assembled films, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 2297 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.372177
  53. B. O. Dabbousi, M. G. Bawendi, O. Onitsuka and M. F. Rubner, Electroluminescence from CdSe quantumdot/ polymer composites, Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, 1316 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.113227
  54. Y. Xuan, D. Pan, N. Zhao, X. Ji and D. Ma, White electroluminescence from a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) layer doped with CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots, Nanotechnology, 17, 4966 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/032
  55. J. H. Park, O. O. Park, J. K. Kim, J.-W. Yu, J. Y. Kim and Y. C. Kim, White electroluminescence device based on polymer/quantum dot nanocomposites, J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. & Mater., 14, 481 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1142/S021886350500292X