Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sarcocystis and Its Complications in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Eastern Provinces of Iran

  • Valinezhad, Akbar (Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute) ;
  • Oryan, Ahmad (Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University) ;
  • Ahmadi, Nasrollah (Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University)
  • Published : 2008.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. was investigated by gross and histopathological examinations in 250 camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered from 2002 to 2005 in the Mashhad Slaughterhouse, eastern Iran. Samples were taken from the diaphragm, heart, tongue, esophagus and masseter muscles for histopathological studies. No macroscopic sarcocysts were found in the samples at gross inspection. Sarcocysts were detected in 209 of 250 (83.6%) examined camels at histopathological level. The infection rate of the esophagus, heart, masseter muscles, diaphragm, and tongue was 58.8%, 48.0%, 46.8%, 41.6%, and 28.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of infection between male (85.8%) and female (81.0%) camels. The tissue response to vital cysts was minimal; however, reaction to the degenerating cysts was severe and caused tissue damages resulting in hyperemia, hemorrhages, mononuclear cell infiltration, necrotic changes, and fibrosis. The wild and domestic carnivores especially dogs may be the final hosts of Sarcocystis spp. in this area.

Keywords

References

  1. Fayer R. Sarcocystis spp. in human infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17: 894-902 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.4.894-902.2004
  2. Hilali M, Mohamed A. The dog as the final host of Sarcocystis cameli. Tropenmed Parasitol 1980; 31: 213-214
  3. Kuraev GT. Sarcocystosis of camel, Kzakhstan Sr. Vet Moscow 1981; 7: 41
  4. Dubey JP, Speer CA, Fayer R. Sarcocystosis of animals and man. 1st ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1989, p 1-145
  5. Dubey JP, Lindsay DS, Speer CA, Fayer R, Livingston CW. Sarcocystis arieticanis and other Sarcocystis species in sheep in the United State. J Parasitol 1988; 74: 1033-1038 https://doi.org/10.2307/3282228
  6. Savini G, Dunsmore JD, Robertson J, Seneviratna P. Sarcocystis spp. in western Australian sheep. Aust Vet J 1993; 70: 152-154 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb06112.x
  7. Oryan A, Moghaddar N, Gaur SNS. The distribution pattern of Sarcocystis species, their transmission and pathogenesis in sheep in Fars Province of Iran. Vet Res Commun 1996; 20: 243-253 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00366922
  8. Stalheim HV, Fayer R, Hubbert WT. Update on bovine toxoplasmosis and Sarcocystis, with emphasize on their role in bovine abortion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 176: 299-302
  9. Hong CB, Giles RCJr, Newman LE, Fayer R. Sarcocystis in an aborted bovine fetus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181: 585-589
  10. Fayer R, Lynch GP, Leek RG, Gasbarre LC. Effects of Sarcocystis on milk production of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66: 904-908 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81874-8
  11. Munday BL. Effects of different doses of dog derived Sarcocystis sporocystis on growth rate and hematocrit in lambs. Vet Parasitol 1986; 21: 21-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(86)90139-1
  12. Fayer R, Dubey JP. Sarcocystis induced abortion and fetal death. Prog Clin Biol Res 1988; 281: 153-164
  13. Dubey JP. A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and other coccidian of cats and dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1976; 169: 1061-1078
  14. Beaver PC, Jung RC, Cupp EWI. Clinical parasitology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, USA. Lea & Febiger. 1984; 149-173
  15. Frenkel JK. Sarcocystosis. In Conner DH, Chandler FW, Schwartz DA, Manz HJ, Lack EE eds, Pathology of Infectious Diseases. Stamford, Appleton and Lange. 1997; 1253-1259
  16. Rommel M. Sarcocystosis of domestic animals and humans. In Practice 1985; 7: 158-160 https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.7.5.158
  17. Fukuyo M, Battsetseg G, Byambaa B. Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in horses in Mongolia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 718-719
  18. Beaver PC, Gadgil K, Morera P. Sarcocystis in man: a review and report of five cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1979; 28: 819-844 https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.819
  19. Mason FP. Sarcocystis in the camel in Egypt. J Comp Pathol Ther 1910; 23: 168-176 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-1742(10)80032-3
  20. Boid R, Jones TW, Luckin AG. The camel in health and disease: protozoal diseases of camels. Brit Vet J 1985; 141: 87-105 https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(85)90132-0
  21. Fatani A, Hilali M, Al-Atiya S, Al-Shami S. Prevalence of Sarcocystis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Vet Parasitol 1996; 62: 241-245 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(95)00843-8
  22. Odoning K. The present state of species-systematics in Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882 (Protista, Sporozoa, Coccidia). Syst Parasitol 1998; 41: 209-233 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006090232343
  23. Abdel-Ghaffar F, Entzeroth R, Chobotar B, Scholtyseck E. Ultrastructural studies of Sarcocystis spp. from the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt. Tropenmed Parasitol 1979; 30: 434-438
  24. Hagi BA, Mohammed Hassan A, Di Sacco B. Sarcocystis in Somali camel. Parassitologia 1989; 31: 133-136
  25. Latif BMA., Al-Delemi JK, Mohammed BS, Al-Bayati SM, Al-Amiry AM. Prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in meat-producing animals in Iraq. Vet Parasitol 1999; 84: 85-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00046-1
  26. Woldemeskel M, Gumi B. Prevalence of Sarcocysts in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) from Southern Ethiopia. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2001; 48: 223-226 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00446.x
  27. Fukuyo M, Battsetseg G, Byambaa B. Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in meat-producing animals in Mongolia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 490-495
  28. Shekarforoush SS, Razavi SM, Dehghan SA, Sarihi K. Prevalence of Sarcocystis species in slaughtered goats in Shiraz, Iran. Vet Rec 2005; 156: 418-420 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.156.13.418
  29. Rahbari S, Bazargani TT, Rak H. Sarcocystosis in the camel in Iran. J Fac Vet Med Univ Tehran 1981; 37: 1-10
  30. Shekarforoush SS, Shakerian A, Hassanpoor MM. Prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2006; 38: 301-303 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4362-z
  31. Kirmse P, Mohanbabu B. Sarcocystis spp. in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) from Afghanistan. Brit Vet J 1986; 142: 73-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(86)90012-6
  32. Hussein HS, Warrag H. Prevalence of Sarcocystis in food animals in Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod 1985; 17: 100-101 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02360781
  33. Lane JH, Mansfield KG, Jackson LR, Diters RW, Lin KC, Mackey JJ, Sassevelle VG. Acute fulminant sarcocystosis in a captive-born rhesus Macaque. Vet Pathol 1998; 35: 499-505 https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500604
  34. Fayer R, Dubey JP, Leek RG. Infectivity of Sarcocystis spp. from bison, elk, moose, and cattle for cattle via sprocysts from coyotes. J Parasitol 1982; 68: 681-685 https://doi.org/10.2307/3280928
  35. Ibrahim EA. Description and study of Sarcocystis from one-humped camel, (Camelus dromedaries). MSc Thesis 1982, University of Khartoum. pp: 89
  36. Hussein SH. The prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in Saudi Arabian Najdi sheep and camels. Biol Sci 1991; 1: 43-56
  37. Munday BL, Rickard MD. Is Sarcocystis tenella two species. Aust Vet J 1974; 50: 558-559 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb14076.x

Cited by

  1. Life cycle of Sarcocystis camelicanis infecting the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and the dog (Canis familiaris), light and electron microscopic study vol.106, pp.1, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1648-x
  2. Sarcocystis tupaia, sp. nov., a new parasite species employing treeshrews (Tupaiidae, Tupaia belangeri chinensis) as natural intermediate hosts vol.59, pp.2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2009.12.003
  3. Echocardiography of the normal camel ( Camelus dromedaries ) heart: technique and cardiac dimensions vol.8, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-130
  4. Survey of sarcocystis infection in slaughtered sheep in Kerman Abattoir, Kerman, Iran vol.22, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-012-1414-9
  5. Molecular differentiation of bovine sarcocysts vol.115, pp.7, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5020-7
  6. Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review vol.24, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017024
  7. Identification of Sarcocystis spp. in One-humped Camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) from Riyadh and Dammam, Saudi Arabia, via Histological and Phylogenetic Approaches vol.10, pp.7, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10071108
  8. Sarcocystosis in Ruminants of Iran, as Neglected Food-Borne Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis vol.65, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00210-5
  9. Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcocystis spp. in Slaughtered Dromedary Camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) in Egypt vol.7, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040162