Journal of Chest Surgery

The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (대한심장혈관흉부외과학회)
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Clinical Analysis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Chest Trauma

흉부외상에 의한 인공호흡기치료 환자에서 발생한 폐렴의 임상분석

  • Yun, Ju-Sik (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, University of Chonnam College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Bong-Suk (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, University of Chonnam College of Medicine) ;
  • Ryu, Sang-Woo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, University of Chonnam College of Medicine) ;
  • Jang, Won-Chae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hye Won Hospital)
  • 윤주식 (전남대학교 의과대학 전남대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 오봉석 (전남대학교 의과대학 전남대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 류상우 (전남대학교 의과대학 전남대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 장원채 (장성혜원병원 흉부외과)
  • Published : 2008.12.05
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Abstract

Background: Pneumonia continues to be the most common major infection in trauma patients. Despite the advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for pneumonia, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify the risk factors and clinical features of ventilator-associated pneumonia among chest trauma patients. Material and Method: The study population consisted of 78 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU of Chonnam National University Hospital between January, 2001, and December, 2006. The patients were divided into two groups: those with pneumonia (Group I) and without pneumonia (Group II). Clinical predictors of the occurrence and mortality for ventilator associated pneumonia were analyzed. Result: There were 57 men and 21 women, with a mean age of $48.3{\pm}19.9$ years. Almost half of the patients, 48.7% (38 of 78), had pneumonia. The mortality rate was 21.0% (8 of 38) in Group I and 2.5% (1 of 40) in Group II. The predictors of ventilator-associated pneumonia were the duration of mechanical ventilation (17.4 days vs 6.5 days, p<0.001), the mean stay in the ICU (21.7 days vs 9.7 days, p<0.001), the use of inotropics due to hemodynamic instability (63.1% vs 25.0%, p=0.001), and the serum level of CRP ($11.3{\pm}7.8$ vs $6.4{\pm}7.3$, p=0.006). Conclusion: Posttraumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly related with the duration of mechanical ventilation, the mean stay in ICU, and the use of inotropics due to hemodynamic instability. The serum level of CRP at admission was higher in the pneumonia group. Morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early identification of predictive factors for developing pneumonia in chest trauma patients.

배경: 흉부 외상 환자에 있어서 폐렴은 가장 흔한 감염증이며, 진단 및 치료의 발전에도 불구하고 이환율과 치사율을 높이는 매우 심각한 합병증이다. 본 연구는 흉부 외상 환자 중 인공호흡기 치료를 하였던 환자에서 폐렴의 임상 양상을 분석하고 그 원인 인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 흉부 외상에 의해 인공호흡기 치료를 시행한 78명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자 중 폐렴이 발생한 38예를 I군으로,폐렴이 발생하지 않은 40예를 II군으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 각 군의 병원 도착시 혈역학적 소견 및 이학적 소견, 혈액학적 소견, 외상의 원인, 흉부 외상의 형태 및 그 정도, 동반 외상, 기저 질환, 인공호흡기 이용 기간, 중환자실 입원 기간 그리고 사망률 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 대상 환자는 남자 57명, 여자 21명이었으며, 평균 연령은 $48.3{\pm}19.9$세였다. 흉부외상에 의해 인공호흡기 치료를 시행한 환자의 48.7%에서 외상 후 페렴이 발생하였고, 사망률은 I군에서 21.0%, II군에서 2.5%로 II군에서 현저하게 높았다. 내원시 혈역학적 소견 상 수축기 혈압이 90 mmHg 이하의 쇼크 상태로 인해 수축촉진약(inotropics)을 사용한 경우는 I군에서 24예(63.1)로 II군의 10예(25%)보다 유의하게 많았으며(p=0.001), C-Reactive Protein(CRP) 치는 I군에서 $11.3{\pm}7.8$으로 II군의 $6.4{\pm}7.3$에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.006). 인공호흡기 이용기간 및 중환자실 입원 기간은 I군에서 각각 17.4일, 21.7일로 II군의 6.5일, 9.7일에 비해 유의하게 길었다(p<0.001). 결론: 외상 후 폐렴의 발생은 인공호흡기 이용 기간 및 중환자실 입원 기간이 긴 환자에서 많이 발생하였으며 그외 내원시 측정한 CRP 치가 높은 경우, 쇼크 상태로 인해 수축촉진약(inotropics)를 사용한 경우에 많이 발생하였다. 흉부 외상 환자의 치료 시 이런 요인들을 고려한다면 폐렴의 예방 및 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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