Clinical Experiences for Cardiac Myxomas

심장 점액종의 임상적 고찰

  • Lee, Geun-Dong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Won (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Jae-Seung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Sung-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Je, Hyoung-Gon (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Choo, Suk-Jung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Cheol-Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 이근동 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이재원 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정재승 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정성호 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 제형곤 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 주석중 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 송현 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정철현 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2008.12.05

Abstract

Background: Diagnosis and treatment are often successful in the setting of cardiac myxomas. However, cardiac myxomas can lead to catastrophic complications, due to intracardiac obstruction and embolism preoperatively, and can recur postoperatively. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and recurrence data of 85 patients who underwent cardiac myxoma surgery at Asan Medical Center between November 1994 and June 2007. We analyzed the morphologic characteristics of 58 patients with left atrial myxomas and determined the development of functional mitral valve stenosis and systemic embolism through reviewing the results of preoperative echo-cardiograms to find potential preoperative risk factors. Result: Twenty-seven (31.8%) patients were men, and 58 (68.2%) were women. The mean patient age was $54.5{\pm}14.3$ years. Preoperative symptoms included obstructive symptoms in 41 (48.2%) patients, signs of embolism in 19 (22.4%), constitutional symptoms in 8 (9.4%), and no symptoms in 19 (20.0%). Among the 58 patients with left atrial myxomas, the mean maximal tumor diameter was $4.3{\pm}1.8$ (range $1.1{\sim}8\;cm$)cm. Twenty-six (44.8%) patients had a prolapsing type, defined as a tumor mobile enough to move down. to the mitral. annular plane during diastole, and 32 (55.2%) had villous type, defined as a tumor consisting of multiple fine villous extensions on the surface. Twelve (20.7%) patients had severe functional mitral valve stenosis, and 15 (25.9%) had systemic embolism preoperatively. The incidence of severe functional mitral valve stenosis was significantly higher in patients with the prolapsing type than in those with the non-prolapsing type (p=0.001). The mean maximal tumor diameter in patients with severe functional mitral valve stenosis was $5.1{\pm}1.0\;cm$, significantly larger than that seen in patients without severe functional mitral valve stenosis (p=0.041). The incidence of systemic embolism was significantly higher in patients with the villous type than in those with the smooth type (p=0.006). Postoperative complications were noted in 6 (7.1%) patients, and early mortality was noted in 1 (1.2%). The mean postoperative follow-up duration was $36.2{\pm}37.5$ months, with recurrence reported in 2(2.4%) patients during the follow-up period. The disease free interval were 48, 12 months, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical treatment for cardiac myxomas was performed safely, and long-term prognosis was good. In patients with left atrial myxoma, close attention should be maintained and surgery should be performed promptly in those of prolapsing type, those with large maximal diameter in order to prevent severe functional mitral valve stenosis, and those of villous type in order to prevent systemic embolism. Echocardiography should be followed serially in order to detect recurrence.

배경: 심장 점액종에 대한 진단과 수술적 치료는 성공적으로 시행되어 왔다. 그러나 양호한 수술적 치료의 결과에도 불구하고 심장 점액종은 수술 전 심장 내 혈류 폐쇄 및 색전증 등의 치명적인 합병증을 유발할 수 있으며 수술 후 재발할 수 있는 질환이다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 11월부터 2007년 6월까지 심장 점액종으로 수술 받은 환자 85명을 대상으로 의무 기록 검토를 통해 수술 전 임상적 특징, 수술적 치료의 결과 및 재발에 관하여 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 좌심방 점액종 환자 58명에서 수술 전 심초음파 결과를 토대로 종양의 형태학적 특성을 분석하고 이와 기능성 승모판막 협착증 및 전신 색전증 발생과의 상관 관계를 분석하여 수술 전 위험인자를 알아보았다. 결과: 환자의 평균나이는 $54.5{\pm}14.3$세로, 남자가 27명(31.8%), 여자가 58명(68.2%)이었다. 수술 전 증상은 심장 내 혈류 폐쇄에 의한 증상이 41예(48.2%), 색전 증상이 19예(22.4%), 전신 증상이 8예(9.4%), 무증상이 19예(20.0%)였다. 좌심방 점액종 58예에서 종양의 평균 장경은 $4.3{\pm}1.8$ ($1.1{\sim}8$) cm이었고, 심실 이완기에 승모 판막륜(mitral valve annulus)의 하방까지 종양이 이동하는 탈출형(prolapsing type)이 26예(44.8%),표면에 다수의 섬세한 돌출이 있는 융모형(villous type)이 32예(55.2%)였다 그리고 수술 전 중증의 기능성 승모판막 협착증(functional mitral stenosis)이 유발된 경우는 12예(20.7%), 전신 색전증(systemic embolism)이 발생한 경우는 15예(25.9%)였다. 중증의 기능성 승모판막 협착증의 발생율은 탈출형이 비탈출형에 비해 유의하게 높았으며(p=0.001),중증의 기능성 승모판막 협착증이 발생한 경우의 종양의 평균 장경은 $5.1{\pm}1.0\;cm$로 그 외의 경우보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=0.041). 또한 전신 색전증의 발생율은 융 매끄러운 형보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.006). 수술 후 합병증은 6예(7.1%), 조기 사망은 1예(1.2%)에서 있었다. 수술 후 평균 추적관찰 기간은 $36.2{\pm}37.5$ ($0{\sim}138$)개월이었고 재발은 2예(2.4%)에서 발생하였으며 재발된 기간은 각각 48, 12개월이었다 결론: 심장 점액종에 대한 수술은 안전하게 시행되었고, 장기적 예후 또한 양호하였다. 좌심방 점액종에서 탈출형과 종양의 장경이 큰 경우에 기능성 승모판 협착증 발생의 위험인자가 되며, 융모형인 경우에 전신적 색전증 발생의 위험인자가 되므로 이러한 경우 특별한 주의를 요하며 수술 전 합병증 발생의 예방을 위하여 가능한 빨리 수술을 시행하여야 한다. 또한 재발과 관련하여 심초음파 검사를 통한 정기적 추적관찰이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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