루틴 첨가가 고지방 식이 랫드의 혈청 지질 농도의 변화에 미치는 영향

Effect of Rutin on Major Lipid-Related Parameters in Sera of Rats Fed High Fat Diet

  • 황의경 (상지대학교 생명자원과학대학 동물자원학과)
  • Hwang, Eui-Kyung (Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sangji University)
  • 발행 : 2008.10.31

초록

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without rutin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats ($272.2{\pm}7.2 g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups: control (C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 20% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76 (AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.75% rutin (R-0.75) or 1.5% rutin (R-1.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of rutin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in both control and treatment groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were lower than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-0.75 and C group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were higher than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-1.5 and C group (p < 0.01). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were the lower than those in C group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of rutin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chen SS, Gong J, Liu FT, Mahammed U. Naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidants modulate IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Immunology 2000; 100: 471-480 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00045.x
  2. Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids - Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr Biochem 1996; 7: 66-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(95)00168-9
  3. Crespy V, Morand C, Besson C, Manach C, Demigne C, Remesy C. Quercetin, but not its glycosides, is absorbed from the rat stomach. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 618-621 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010919h
  4. Crespy V, Morand C, Manach C, Besson C, Demigne C, Remesy C. Part of quercetin absorbed in the small intestine is conjugated and further secreted in the intestinal lumen. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1999; 277: 120-126 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.G120
  5. Deschner EE, Ruperto J, Wong G, Newmark HL. Quercetin and rutin as inhibitors of azoxymethanol-induced colonic neoplasia. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12: 1193-1196 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.7.1193
  6. Di Carlo G, Mascolo N, Izzo AA, Capasso F. Flavonoids: Old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Sci 1999; 65: 337-353
  7. Erlund I. Review of the flavonoids quercetin, hesperetin, and naringenin. Dietary sources, bioactivities, bioavailability, and epidemiology. Nutr Res 2004; 24: 851-874 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2004.07.005
  8. Friewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol without use of the preparation of ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 28: 499-502
  9. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. Am J Med 1977; 62: 707-714 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(77)90874-9
  10. Gryglewski RJ, Korbut R, Robak J, Swies J. On the mechanism of antithrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36: 317-322 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(87)90288-7
  11. Guardia T, Rotelli AE, Juarez AO, Pelzer LE. Antiinflammatory properties of plant flavonoids. Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. Il Famaco 2001; 56: 683-687 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01111-9
  12. Guerrero CP, Martin MJ, Marhuenda E. Prevention by rutin of gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats: Role of endogenous prostaglandins. Gen Pharmac 1994; 25: 575-580 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90217-8
  13. Havsteen BH. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Phamacol Therap 2002; 96: 67-202
  14. Hirono I, Ueno I, Hosaka S, Takanashi H, Matsushima T, Sugimura T, Natori S. Carcinogenicity examination of quercetin and rutin in ACI rats. Cancer Letters 1981; 13: 15-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(81)90081-1
  15. Hollman PCH, Bijsman MNCP, van Gameren Y, Cnossen EPJ, de Vries JHM, Katan MB. The sugar moiety is a major determinant of the absorption of dietary flavonoid glycosides in man. Free Rad Res 1999; 31: 569-573 https://doi.org/10.1080/10715769900301141
  16. Holmes DL. Clinical laboratory animal medicine. Ames: Iowa State University Press 1984: 110-111
  17. Hou L, Zhou B, Yang L, Liu ZL. Inhibition of human low density lipoprotein oxidation by flavonols and their glycosides. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 129: 209-219 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.02.001
  18. Iwu MM, Obidoa O, Anazodo M. Biochemical mechanism of the antimalarial activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Phamacol Res Commun 1986; 18: 81-91
  19. Janbaz KH, Saeed SA, Gilani AH. Protective effect of rutin on paracetamol- and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2002; 73: 557-563 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00217-4
  20. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med 1971; 74: 1-12 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1
  21. La Casa C, Villegas I, Alarcon de la Lastra C, Motilva V, Martin Calero MJ. Evidence for protective and antioxidant properties of rutin, a natural flavone, against ethanol induced gastric lesions. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71: 45-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00174-9
  22. Manach C, Morand C, Demigne C, Texier O, Regerat F, Remesy C. Bioavailability of rutin and quercetin in rats. FEBS Letters 1997; 409: 12-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00467-5
  23. Manach C, Morand C, Texier O, Favier M-L, Agullo G, Demigne C, Regerat F, Remesy C. Quercetin metabolites in plasma of rats fed diets containing rutin or quercetin. J Nutr 1995; 125: 1911-1922
  24. Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Remesy C, Jimenez L. Polyphenols: food and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 727-747 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727
  25. Mattson FH, Erickson BA, Kligman AM. Effect of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1972; 25: 589-594 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/25.6.589
  26. Mitruka BM, Rawnsley HM. Clinical biochemical and hematological reference values in normal experimental animals and normal humans. 2nd ed New York: Masson Publising USA, Inc 1981: 57-166
  27. Mott GE, Jackson EM, McMahan CA, McGill HC Jr. Dietary cholesterol and type of fat differentially affect cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis in baboons. J Nutr 1992; 122: 1397-1406 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/122.7.1397
  28. Norum KR. Dietary fat and blood lipids. Nutr Rev 1992; 50: 30-37
  29. Packard CJ, McKinney L, Carr K, Shepherd J. Cholesterol feeding increases low density lipoprotein synthesis. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 45-51 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110983
  30. Padilla E, Ruiz E, Redondo S, Gordillo-Moscoso A, Slowing K, Tejerina T. Relationship between vasodilation capacity and phenolic content of Spanish wines. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 517: 84-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.04.044
  31. Park SY, Bok SH, Jeon SM, Park YB, Lee SJ, Jeong TS, Choi MS. Effect of rutin and tannic acid supplements on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Nutr Res 2002; 22: 283-295 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00398-0
  32. Peluso MR. Flavonoids attenuate cardiovascular disease, inhibit phosphodiesterase, and modulate lipid homeostasis in adipose tissue and liver. Exp Biol Med 2006; 231: 1287-1299 https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100802
  33. Peterson J, Dwyer J. Flavonoids: Dietary occurrence and biochemical activity. Nutr Res 1998; 18: 1995-2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00169-9
  34. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-Antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 1996; 20: 933-956 https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9
  35. Robak J, Gryglewski R. Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Phamacol 1988; 37: 837-841 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(88)90169-4
  36. Rodrigues HG, Diniz YS, Faine LA, Almeida JA, Fernandes AAH, Novelli ELB. Nutritional supplementation with natural antioxidants: effect of rutin on HDL-cholesterol concentration. Rev Nutr Campinas 2003; 16:315-320 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732003000300009
  37. Santos KFR, Oliveira TT, Nagem TJ, Pinto AS, Oliveira MGA. Hypolipidaemic effects of naringenin, rutin, nicotinic acid and their associations. Phamacol Res 1999; 40: 493-496
  38. Sheu JR, Hsiao G, Chou PH, Shen MY, Chou DS. Mechanism involved in the antiplatelet activity of rutin, a glycoside of the flavonol quercetin, in human platelets. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 4414-4418 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040059f
  39. Silva RR, Oliveira TT, Nagem TJ, Pinto AS, Albino LFT, Almeida MR, Moraes GHK, Pinto JG. Efeito hipolipidemico dos flavonoides naringina e rutina. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion 2001; 51: 258-264
  40. Spady DK, Woollett LA, Dietschy JM. Regulation of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels by dietary cholesterol and fatty acids. Annu Rev Nutr 1993; 13: 355-381 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.002035
  41. Steinberg D. The rediscovery of high density lipoprotein: a negative risk factor in atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 1978; 8: 107-109 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1978.tb00821.x
  42. Suh I, Shaten J, Cutler JA, Kuller LH. Alcohol use and mortality from coronary heart disease: The role of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol. Ann Intern Med 1991; 11: 881-887
  43. The American Institute of Nutrition : Report of American Institue of Nutrition Ad Hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. J Nutr 1977; 107:1340-1348 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/107.7.1340
  44. Undeger U, Aydin S, Basaran AA, Basaran N. The modulating effects of quercetin and rutin on the mitomycin C induced DNA damage. Toxicol Lett 2004; 151: 143-149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.071
  45. 김형진, 송시환, 하창수, 한상섭. 사육밀도가 Sprague-Dawley 랫드의 성장 및 각종 생리치에 미치는 영향. 한국실험동물학회지 1993; 9: 71-82
  46. 맹영선, 박혜경, 권태봉. 메밀 및 메밀식품에서의 루틴함량의 분석. 한국식품과학회지 1990; 22: 732-737
  47. 송창우, 황화선, 한상섭. Ktc: SD 랫드의 주령에 따른 기초 연구 I. 체중변화, 혈액?혈액생화학적 변화 및 뇨분석. 한국실험동물학회지 1990; 6:33-43
  48. 심태흠, 이혁화, 이상영, 최용순. 한국산 메밀의 성분. 한국식품과학회지 1998; 30: 1259-1266
  49. 이미숙, 손경희. 한국산 메밀의 산지 및 종류에 따른 식이섬유와 루틴의 함량비교. 한국조리과학회지 1994; 10: 249-253
  50. 이삼열, 정윤섭, 권오헌, 송경순. 임상병리검사법 7판 서울: 연세대학교 출판부 2000: 224-315
  51. 임교환, 어성국, 김영소, 이종길, 한성순. 천연 Rutin의 항균효과와 급성독성에 미치는 영향. 생약학회지 1996; 27: 309-315