References
- Amann RP and Pickett BW. 1987. Principles of cryopreservation and a review of cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 7:145-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(87)80025-4
- Backman T, Bruemmer JE, Graham JK and Squires EL. 2004. Pregnancy rates of mares inseminated with semen cooled for 18 hours and then frozen. J. Anim. Sci. 82:690-694
- Bedford SJ, Graham JK, Amann RP, Squires EL and Pickett BW. 1995. Use of two freezing extenders to cool stallion spermatozoa to 5'C with and without seminal plasma. Theriogenology 43:939-953 https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00044-9
- Buchanan BR, Seidel GE, McCue PM, Schenk JL, Herickhoff LA and Squires EL. 2000. Insemination of mares with low numbers of either unsexed or sexed spermatozoa. Theriogenology 53:1333-1344 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00276-4
- Cristanelli MJ, Squires EL, Amann RP and Pickett BW. 1984. Fertility of stallion semen processed, frozen and thawed by a new procedure. Theriogenology 22:39-45 https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(84)90471-0
- Crockett EC, Graham JK, Bruemmer JE and Squires EL. 2001. Effect of cooling of equine spermatozoa before freezing on post-thaw motility: preliminary results. Theriogenology 55: 793-803 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00444-7
- Ecot P, Vidament M, deMornac A, Perigault K, Clement F and Palmer E. 2000. Freezing of stallion semen: interactions among cooling treatments, semen extenders and stallions. J. Reprod. Fertil. 56:141-150
- Hafez ESE and Hafez B. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Maryland, pp. 382-385
- Heitland AV, Jasko DJ, Graham EL, Squires EL, Amann RP and Pickett BW. 1995. Motility and fertility of stallion spermatozoa cooled and frozen in a modified skim milk extender containing egg yolk and liposome. Biol. Reprod. Mongraph series 1:753-759
- Herman HA, Mitchell JR and Doak GA. 1994. The Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer of Dairy and Beef Cattle. 8th ed, Interstate publishers Inc, Illinois, pp. 66-67
- Jasko DJ, Hathaway JA, Schaltenbrand VL, Simper WD and Squires EL. 1992. Effect of seminal plasma and egg yolk on motion characteristics of cooled stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology 37:1241-1252 https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(92)90180-Y
- Loomis PR and Graham JK. 2008. Commercial semen freezing: Individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 105:119-128 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.010
- Loomis PR, Amann RP, Squires EL and Pickett BW. 1983. Fertility of unfrozen and frozen stallion spermatozoa extended in EDTA-lactose-egg yolk and packaged in straws. J. Anim. Sci. 56:693-987
- Loomis PR. 2001. The equine frozen semen industry. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68:191-200 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00156-7
- Martin JC, Klug E and Gunzel AR. 1979. Centrifugation of stallion spermatozoa and its storage in large volume straws. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 27:47-51
- Palmer E. 1984. Factors affecting stallion semen survival and fertility. Proce. 10th Cong. Anim. AI 3:377
- Samper JC and Morris CA. 1998. Current methods for stallion semen cryopreservation: a survey. Theriogenology 49:895-903 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00039-9
- Samper JC, Hearn PH and Ganheim A. 1994. Pregnancy rates and effect of extender and motility and acrosome status of frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa. Of the 40th Ann. Conv. Amer. Assoc. Equine Pract. pp. 41-43
- Samper JC. 1995. Stallion semen cryopreservation: Male factors affecting pregnancy rates. Proc. Soc. Study Theriogenology 160-165
- Tischer M. 1979. Evaluation of deep-frozen semen in stallions. J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 27:53-59
- Vidament M, Dupere AM, Julienne P, Evain A, Noue P and Palmer E. 1997. Equine frozen semen freezability and fertility results. Theriogenology 48:907-917 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00319-1
-
Woods J, Rigby S, Brinsko S, Stephens R, Varner D and Blanchard T. 2000. Effect of intrauterine treatment with prostaglandin
$E_2$ prior to insemination of mares in the uterine horn or body. Theriogenology 53:1827-1836 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00318-6