생명과학회지 (Journal of Life Science)

한국생명과학회 (Korean Society of Life Science)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

캡사이신 섭취와 UCP1 과 β3- adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism의 다양성에 대한 자율신경활동의 변화

Alterations of Human Autonomic Nervous System Activity on Capsaicin Ingestion, and Variants of UCP1 and β3- -adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism

  • 고기준 (한국 경산시 대구미래대학 레저스포츠학부) ;
  • 신기옥 (일본 교토시 교토대학 인간환경학 연구와 대학원 응용생리학 실험실)
  • Ko, Ki-Jun (Dept. of Leisure Sports, Daegu Mirae College) ;
  • Shin, Ki-Ok (Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University)
  • 발행 : 2007.08.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구의 목적은 1) 캡사이신 섭취 (100 mg) 가 에너지 대사 조절자로서 열발생 교감신경활동과 관련된 자율신경활동을 향상시키는지, 2) 본 연구의 대상자들의 UCP1 과 ${\beta}_{3}$-AR 유전자 다양성이 자율신경활동에 영향을 주는지를 조사한 것이다. 8명의 대상자 (24.7 ${\pm}$ 1.8 세) 가 이 실험에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 심박수변이성 파워 스펙트랄 분석에 의해 평가된 심장자율신경활동과 에너지 대사는 총 90분간 매 30분마다 5분간 측정하였으며, 캡사이신 또는 위약 그룹은 무작위로 대상자에서 섭취되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서, 두 그룹간의 안정시 심박수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자율신경활동은 캡사이신 그룹에서 증가하였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 총 대상자중, UCP1의 GG유전자 타입을 가진 대상자는 37.5% 였다. 그러나 캡사이신 그룹은 Test3에서 측정시 호흡 교환율이 유의하게 낮았다 (CAP: 0.80 ${\pm}$ 0.02 vs. CON: 0.85 ${\pm}$ 0.02, means ${\pm}$ SE, p<0.05). 이상의 결과로서, 캡사이신 (100 mg) 의 섭취는 지방분해를 향상시킴으로서 비만 과/또는 고지혈증을 가진 개개인에서 유익한 성분임을 시사할 수 있다. 또한 자율신경에 대한 비만과 관련된 UCP1 과/또는 ${\beta}_{3}$-AR 과 같은 유전자 다양성은 앞으로의 연구에 고려되어져야 할 것이다.

We investigated whether 1) capsaicin ingestion (100 mg) enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities associated with thermogenic sympathetic activity as energy metabolic modulator, 2) UCP1 and ${\beta}_{3}$-AR variants of each subjects influence with ANS activity. Eight healthy males (24.7 ${\pm}$ 1.8 yr) volunteered for this study. The cardiac autonomic nervous activities evaluated by means of heart rate variability of power spectral analysis and energy metabolism were continuously measured during 5-min rest for total 90-min resting condition with placebo or capsaicin oral administration chosen at random. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in heart rate during rest between both trials. Autonomic nervous activity increased in capsaicin tablet trial, but the difference did not reach the statistical significance. Capsaicin, however, induced significantly lower respiratory gas exchange ratio at Test3 (CAP: 0.80 ${\pm}$ 0.02 vs. 0.85 ${\pm}$ 0.02), means ${\pm}$ SE, p<0.05). In conclusion, it may be suggested the capsaicin consumption as a valuable supplement for the treatment of individual with hyperlipidemia and/or obesity by improving lipolysis. Further studies will also be considered genetic variants such as UCP1 and/or ${\beta}_{3}$-AR associated with obesity.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akselrod, S., D. Gordon, F. A. Ubel, D. C. Shannon, A. C. Barger and R. J. Cohen. 1981. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-by-beat cardiovascular control. Science 213, 220-222. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6166045
  2. Akselrod, S., D. Gordon, J. B. Madwed, N. C. Snidman, D. C. Shannon and R. J. Cohen. 1985. Hemodynamic regulation: investigation by spectral analysis. Am. J. Physiol. 249, H867-H875.
  3. Bray, G. A. 1985. Complications of obesity. Ann. Inter. Med. 103, 1052-1062. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-1052
  4. Bukowiecki, L. J., N. Pollea, J. Lupien and A. J. Paradis. 1981. Metabolic relationships between lipolysis and respiration in rat brown adipocytes: The role of long chain fatty acids as regulators of mitochondrial respiration and feedback inhibitors of lipolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12840-12848.
  5. Cannon, B., A. Hedin and J. Nedergaard. 1982. Exclusive occurrence of thermogenin antigen in brown adipose tissue. FEBS Lett. 150, 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(82)81319-7
  6. Cassard-Doulcier, A. M., F. Bouillaud, M. Chagnon, C. Gelly, F. T. Dionne, J. M. Oppert, C. Bouchard, Y. Chagnon and D. Ricquier. 1996. The Bell polymorphism of the human uncoupling protein (UCP) gene is due to a point mutation in the 5' -flanking region. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 20, 278-279.
  7. Clement, K., C. Vaisse, B. St. J. Manning, A. Basdevant, B. Guy-Grand, J. Ruiz, K. D. Silver, A. R. Shuldiner, P. Froguel and A. D. Strosberg. 1995. Genetic variation in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor and an increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 352-354. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199508103330605
  8. Clement, K., J. Ruiz, A. M. Cassard-Doulcier, F. Bouillaud, D. Ricquier, A. Basdevant, B. Guygrand and P. Froguel. 1996. Additive effect of A$\rightarrow$C (-3826) variant of the uncoupling protein gene and the Trp64Arg mutation of the beta $_3$-adrenergic receptor gene on weight gain in morbid obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 20, 1062-1066.
  9. Esterbauer, H., H. Oberkofler, Y. M. Liu, D. Breban, E. Hell, F. Krempler and W. Patsch. 1988. Uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in obese human subject: the role of sequence variations at the uncoupling protein-1 gene locus. J. Lipid. Res. 39, 834-844.
  10. Fumeron, F., I. Durackbown, D. Betoulle, A. M. CassardDou1cier, S. Tuzet, F. Bouillaud, J. C. Melchior, D. Ricquier and M. Apfelbaum. 1996. Polymorphism of uncoupling protein (UCP) and beta $_3$-adrenoreceptor gene in obese people submitted to a low calorie diet. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 20, 1051-1054.
  11. Conzalez-Barroso, M. M., D. Ricquier and A. M. Cassard-Doulcier. 2000. The human uncoupling protein-l gene (UCP1): present status and prospective in obesity research. Obes. Rev. 1, 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2000.00009.x
  12. Heaton, J. M. 1972. The distribution of brown adipose tissue in human. J. Anat. 112, 35-39.
  13. Hyndman, B. W., R. I. Kitney and BMcA. Sayers. 1971. Spontaneous rhythms in physiological control systems. Nature 233, 339-341. https://doi.org/10.1038/233339a0
  14. Kawada, T., T. Watanabe, T. Takaishi, T. Tanaka and K. Iwai. 1986. Capsaicin-induced beta-adrenergic action on energy metabolism in rats: influence of capsaicin on oxygen consumption, the respiratory quotient, and substrate utilization. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 183, 250-256. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-183-42414
  15. Kitney, R. I. 1975. An analysis of the nonlinear behaviour of the human thermal vasomotor control system. J. Theor. Biol. 52, 231-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(75)90054-5
  16. Lean, M. J. and P. J. M. Trayhurn. 1987. Brown adipose tissue in humans. J. Obes. Weight Regul. 6, 234-253.
  17. Longhurst, J. C., M. P. Kaufman, G. A. Ordway and T. I. Musch. 1984. Effects of bradykinin and capsaicin on endings of afferent fibers from abdominal visceral organs. Am. J. Physiol. 247, R552-R559.
  18. Lowell, B. B., S. V. Susulic, A. Hamann, J. A. Lawitts, J. Himms-Hagen, B. B. Boyer, L. P. Kozak and J. S. Flier. 1993. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature 366, 740-742. https://doi.org/10.1038/366740a0
  19. Macdonald, I. A. 1995. Advances in our understanding of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in obesity. Int. J. Obes. 19(Supple 7), S2-S7.
  20. Matsumoto, T., T. Mivawaki, H. Ue, T. Kanda, C. Zenji and T. Moritani. 1999. Autonomic responsiveness to acute cold exposure in obese and non-obese young women. Int. J. Obes. 23, 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800928
  21. Matsumoto, T., C. Miyawaki, H. Ue, T. Yuasa, A. Miyatsuji and T. Moritani. 2000. Effects of capsaicin-containing yellow curry sauce on sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced thermogenesis in lean and obese young women. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 46, 309-315. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.46.309
  22. Moritani, T., T. Hayashi, M. Shinohara, F. Mimasa and M. Shibata. 1993. Comparison of sympatho-vagal function among diabetic patients, normal controls and endurance athletes by heart rate spectral analysis. J. Sport Med. Sci. 7, 31-39.
  23. Moritani, T., T. Hayashi, M. Shinohara, F. Mimasa, I. Masuda and K. Nakao. 1995. Sympatho-vagal activities of NIDDM patients during exercise as determined by heart rate spectral analysis. In: Glucose Fluxes, Exercise and Diabetes (Kawamori R et al. Eds.), pp. 179-184, Smith-Gordson Ltd., London, England.
  24. Nagase, I., T. Yoshida, K. Kumamoto, T. Urnekawa, N. Sakane, H. Nikami, T. Kawada and M. Saito. 1996. Expression of uncoupling protein in skeletal muscle and white fat of obese mice treated with thermogenic -adrenergic agonist. J. Clin. Invest. 97, 2898-2904. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118748
  25. Nedergaard, J., V. Golozoubova, A. Matthias, A. Asadi, A. Jacobsson and B. Cannon. 2001. UCP1: the only protein able to mediate adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic inefficiency. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1504, 82-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00247-4
  26. Oida, E., T. Moritani and Y. Yarnorim. 1997. Tone-entropy analysis on cardiac recovery after dynamic exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82, 1794-1801. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.1794
  27. Pagani, M., J. Lombardi, S. Guzzetti, O. Rimoldi, R. Furlan, P. Pizzinelli, G. Sandrone and G. Malfatto. 1986. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog. Circ. Res. 59, 178-193. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.59.2.178
  28. Paolisso, G., D. Manzella, N. Ferrara, A. Gambardella, P. Abete, M. R. Tagliamonte, D. De Lucia, G. Furgi, C. Picone, S. Gentile, F. Rengo and M. Varricchio. 1997. Glucose ingestion affects cardiac ANS in healthy subjects with different amounts of body fat. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (3 pt 1), E471-478.
  29. Rehnmark, S., M. Mechad, D. Herron, B. Cannon and J. Nedergaard. 1990. $\alpha$-and $\beta$-adrenergic induction of the expression of the uncoupling protein thermogenin in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 16464-16471.
  30. Sakane, N., T. Yoshida, T. Umekawa, M. Kondo, Y. Sakai and T. Takahashi. 1997. ${\beta}_3$-Adrenergic receptor polymorphism: a genetic marker for visceral fat obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetologia 40, 200-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250050663
  31. Shihara, N., K. Yasuda, T. Moritani, H. Ue, T. Adachi, H. Tanaka, K. Tsuda and Y. Seino. 1999. The association between Trp64Arg mutation of the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor and autonomic nervous system activity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 1623-1627. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.5.1623
  32. Shihara, N., K. Yasuda, T. Moritani, H. Ue, M. Uno, T. Adachi, K. Nunoi, Y. Seine, Y. Yamada and K. Tsuda. 2001. Cooperative effect of polymorphisms of uncoupling protein 1 and ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor genes on autonomic nervous system activity. Int. J. Obesity 25, 761-766.
  33. Susulic, V. S., R. C. Frederich, J. Lawitts, E. Tozzo, B. B. Kahn, M. E. Harper, J. Himms-Hagen, J. S. Flier and B. B. Lowell. 1995. Targeted disruption of the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29483-29492. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.49.29483
  34. Wachtel, R. E. 1999. Capsaicin. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 24, 361-363. https://doi.org/10.1097/00115550-199924040-00015
  35. Walston, J., K. Silver, C. Bogardus, W. C. Knowler, F. S. Celi, S. Austin, B. Manning, A. D. Strosberg, M. P. Stern, N. Raben, J. D. Sorkin, J. Roth and A. R. Shuldiner. 1995. Time of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and genetic variation in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene. N. Eng. J. Med. 333, 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199508103330603
  36. Widen, E., M. Lehto, T. Kanninen, J. Walston, A. R. Shuldiner and L. C. Groop. 1995. Association of a polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 348-351. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199508103330604
  37. Yoshioka, M., K. Lim, S. Kikuzato, A. Kiyonaga, H. Tanaka, M. Shindo and M. Suzuki. 1995. Effects of redpepper diet on the energy metabolism in men. J. Nuir. Sci. Vitaminol. 41, 647-656. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.41.647
  38. Young, J. B. and I. A. Macdonald. 1992. Syrnpathoadrenal activity in human obesity: heterogeneity of findings since 1980. Int. J. Obes. 16, 959-967.