DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Color Changes and Antioxidative Activities of Caesalpinia sappan L.

감마선 조사에 의한 소목추출물의 색상변화 및 항산화 활성 평가

  • Kwon, Hyung-Jun (Radiation Research Center for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, U-Hee (Radiation Research Center for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Park, Hae-Ran (Radiation Research Center for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Jo, Sung-Kee (Radiation Research Center for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
  • 권형준 (한국원자력연구원 방사선과학연구소 방사선생명공학연구센터) ;
  • 정우희 (한국원자력연구원 방사선과학연구소 방사선생명공학연구센터) ;
  • 박혜란 (한국원자력연구원 방사선과학연구소 방사선생명공학연구센터) ;
  • 신동화 (전북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 조성기 (한국원자력연구원 방사선과학연구소 방사선생명공학연구센터)
  • Published : 2007.08.30

Abstract

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an indeciduous tree distributed in China, India, Miyanmar and Vietnam. Its heartwood has long been used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. In this study, antioxidative activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. and the effect of gamma irradiation on its chemical and biological properties were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) of Caesalpinia sappan L. was irradiated with 100 kGy of gamma ray. The dark red color of EtOAc fr. was significantly (p<0.05) removed by irradiation (Hunter L and b values increased and a value decreased). The total phenolic content of EtOAc fr. was 865 mg/g and it was increased to 1195 mg/g by gamma irradiation. DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of EtOAc fr. were very high and its activities were also increased by gamma irradiation. EtOAc fr. also inhibited the irradiation-induced DNA damage of lymphocyte as determined by comet assay. In conclusion, EtOAc fr. of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract showed high antioxidative activities in vitro. Furthermore, gamma irradiation on EtOAc fr. ameliorated the color and antioxidative properties. Therefore, it can be suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. may be a good material for antioxidant function and gamma irradiation may be applied for the improvement of chemical and biological properties of Caesalpinia sappan L.

본 연구에서는 소목 열수추출물을 용매 순차 분획하여 얻은 EtOAc 분획물을 가지고 감마선 조사(100 kGy)한 후 색상 변화와 항산화활성 향상 변화를 평가하였다. 평가시험으로서 소목 용매 순차 분획물과 선정된 EtOAc 분획물에 감마선을 조사(100 kGy)후 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에서 4가지 유기용매 분획물(chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol, $H_{2}O$) 중 EtOAc 분획물의 전자공여능 $IC_{50}$ 값이 비조사구와 조사구 각각 0.71 및 0.61 ${\mu}g/mL$로 현저히 높았으며, 비조사구와 조사구 각각 $38.5{\sim}91.5%$$45.7{\sim}94.8%$의 라디칼 소거활성을 보여 조사구의 활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 감마선 조사(100 kGy)한 EtOAc 분획물의 색상 변화는 명도(L값) 및 황색도(b값)의 경우 조사 후 증가한 반면, 적색도(a값)는 감소하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 비조사구와 조사구 각각 865 및 1195 mg/g으로 조사 후 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). Superoxide anion radical 소거활성 시험에서 EtOAc 분획물의 비조사구와 조사구 각각 $16.3{\sim}84.7%$$20.2{\sim}92.5%$로 조사구의 superoxide anion radical에 대한 소거활성이 높게 나타내었고 첨가수준 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ 이상의 농도에서는 60% 이상의 소거력을 나타내었다. 지질과산화 억제 시험에서 EtOAc 분획물의 비조사구와 조사구 각각 $14.6{\sim}85.6%$$19.5{\sim}93.4%$로 조사구의 지질과산화에 대한 억제 효과가 높게 나타내었고 첨가수준 0.4 ${\mu}g/mL$와 0.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서는 비조사 시료에 비해 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). Comet assay를 이용한 EtOAc 분획물의DNA 방어효과 시험에서 생쥐 림프구에서 방사선에 의한 DNA 외가닥 절단 정도를 측정한 결과 TM 값은 정상대조군에서 $3.85({\pm}0.15)$이었고 방사선 조사군의 경우 $22.6({\pm}0.38)$로 증가되었다. 감마선 조사시킨 시료처리군의 경우 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 각각 $15.6({\pm}0.28)$, $12.01({\pm}0.31)$로서 DNA의 외가닥 절단에 대한 유의한 억제효과를 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 소목의 구성성분 중 brazilein, brazilin, gallic acid, quercetin 같은 다양한 페놀성 화합물과 플라보노이드의 배당체들이 방사선 조사에 의해 이탈됨에 따른 페놀 함량이 증가하여 항산화 활성도 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 소목 추출물에 감마선 조사기술을 이용한다면 항산화 활성의 향상과 색택 개선 등 산업적으로 활용도가 높은 천연소재를 제조할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Freeman BA, Grapo JD. 1982. Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest 47: 412-426
  2. Fridovich I. 1978. The biology of oxygen radicals. Science 201: 875-880 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.210504
  3. Lynch RE, Fridovich I. 1978. Effect of superoxide on erythrocyte membrane. J Biol Chem 253: 1838-1845
  4. Wayner DDM, Burton GW, Ingold KV, Locke SJ. 1987. The relative contribution of vitamin E, urate, ascorbate and proteins to the total peroxy radical-trapping antioxidant activity of human blood plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta 924: 408-419 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(87)90155-3
  5. Mavelli I. 1982. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in oxidative hemolysis. A study of Fanconi's anemia erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Comn 106: 286-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(82)91107-X
  6. Ito N, Fukushima S, Haqiwar A, Shibata M, Oqiso T. 1983. Carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in F 344 rats. J Nat Cancer Inst 70: 343-52
  7. Takahashi O, Sakmoto Y, Hirage K. 1985. Lung hemorrhagic toxicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in the rat. Toxicol Lett 27: 15-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(85)90115-8
  8. Ong ASH, Packer L. 1992. Lipid-soluble antioxidants. In Biochemistry and Clinical Applications. Birkhauser, Basel. p 590-605
  9. Lrson RA. 1988. The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry 27: 969- 978 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80254-1
  10. Byun MW. 1994. Application of irradiation techniques to food industry. Radioistope News 9: 32-37
  11. Thayer DW. 1990. Food irradiation: benefits and concerns. J Food Quality 13: 147-169 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1990.tb00014.x
  12. Lee JW, Yook HS, Cho KH. 2001. The change of allergenic and antigenic properties of egg white albumin (Gal dl) by gamma irradiation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 500-504
  13. Jo C, Son JH, Byun MW. 2003. Irradiation application for color removal and purification of green tea leaves extracts. Radiat Phy Chem 66: 179-184 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(02)00273-6
  14. Jo C, Jeong IY, Cim DS, Son JH, An BJ, Choi JS, Byun MW. 2005. Comparison of the biological activity between a radiation processed natural extract and a commercial counterpart for an industrial application. Food Engineering Progress 9: 177-181
  15. Shin DW. 2003. Screening and using of antioxidative effect and antimicrobial activity from plant. Food Science Industry 36: 81-89
  16. Nagai M, Nagumo S, Lee SM, Eguchi I, Kawai KI. 1986. Protosappanin A, a novel biphenyl compound from Caesalpinia sappan L. Chem Pharm Bull 34: 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.34.1
  17. Xie YW, Ming DS, Xu HX, Dong H, But PP. 2000. Vasorelaxing effects of Caesalpinia sappan involvement of endogenous nitric oxide. Life Sci 67: 1913-1918 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00772-4
  18. Baek NI, Jeon SG, Ahn EM, Hahn JT, Bahn JH, Jang JS, Cho SW, Park JK, Choi SY. 2000. Anticonvulsant compounds from the wood of Caesalpinia sappan L. Arch Pharm Res 23: 344-348 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975445
  19. Safitri R, Tarigan P, Freisleben HJ, Rumampuk RJ, Murakami A. 2003. Antioxidant activity in vitro of two aromatic compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. Biofactors 19: 71-77 https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520190109
  20. McCord JM. 1974. Free radical and inflammation: protection of synovial fluid by superoxide dismutase. Science 185: 529-531 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4150.529
  21. Hogeboom GH. 1965. General methods for the isolation of liver cell components: fraction of cell components of animal tissues. Meth Enzymol 1: 16-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01007-0
  22. Singh NP, Graham MM, Singh V, Khan A. 1995. Induction of DNA single-strand breaks in human lymphocytes by low doses of gamma-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 68: 563-569 https://doi.org/10.1080/09553009514551551
  23. Shrishailappa B, Sudheer M, Sujay R, Elango K. 2003. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood. Biol Pharm Bull 26: 1534-1537 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1534
  24. Beaulieu M, Daprano MB, Lacroix M. 1999. Dose rate effect of gamma irradiation on phenolic compounds, polyphenol oxidase, and browning of mushrooms. J Agric Food Chem 47: 2537-2543 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981088r
  25. Kim HK, Kim YE, Do JR, Lee YC, Lee BY. 1995. Antioxidative activity and physiological activity of some Korean medical plants. Korean J Food Sci Technol 27: 80-85
  26. Roubal WT, Tappel AL. 1966. Damage to proteins, enzymes, and amino acids by peroxidizing lipids. Arch Biochem Biophys 113: 5-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(66)90150-0

Cited by

  1. Gamma Irradiation for Sanitation of Vegetable Fresh Juice Containing Non-thermal Process Materials vol.38, pp.7, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.7.964
  2. Quality Characteristics of Pound Cake Made with Gamma Irradiated Hot Water Extracts of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll vol.40, pp.10, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.10.1460
  3. Synergistic Effect of Brazilein in Combination with Hygromycin-b against Staphylococcus aureus vol.22, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.6.504
  4. Effect of Drying Methods and Gamma Irradiation on the Color Changes and Antioxidant Activity of Grape By-Products vol.39, pp.12, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.12.1826
  5. Quality Characteristics of Cookies with Hot Water Extract of Seamustad (Undaria pinnatifida) Sporophylls and Treated with Gamma Irradiation vol.40, pp.11, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.11.1604
  6. Antioxidative Properties of Ethanolic Extracts from Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. wils.) Fruit with Various Doses of Gamma Radiation vol.40, pp.10, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.10.1378
  7. Quality Characteristics of Chocolate with Added Hot Water Extracts of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophylls under Gamma Irradiation vol.41, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.1.103
  8. Study on the Antioxidative and Physiological Activities of Saururus chinensis Extract vol.22, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.6.807
  9. The Effect on Anti-oxidative Activity and Increasing Extraction Yield of Aralia elata Cortex by Gamma Irradiation vol.27, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2014.27.5.429
  10. 방사선 조사에 의한 문어 자숙액의 항산화 활성 증가 원인 규명 vol.38, pp.1, 2007, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.1.121