참고문헌
- Berliner JA, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Frank JS, Derner LL, Edwards PA, Watson AD, Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis: basic mechanisms: oxidation, inflammation, and genetics. Circulation 91: 2488-2496 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.91.9.2488
- Iqbal M, Cohen RI, Marzouk K, Liu SF. Time course of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and antioxidants in the endotoxemic heart. Crit. Care Med. 30: 1291-1296 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200206000-00021
- Gobert AP, Mersey BD, Cheng Y, Blumberg DR, Newton JC, Wilson KT. Cutting edge: urease release by Helicobacter pylori stimulates macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase. J. Immunol. 168: 6002-6006 (2002) https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6002
- Prabhu KS, Zamamiri-Davis F, Stewart JB, Thomson JT, Sordillo LM, Reddy CC. Selenium deficiency increases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 macrophage: role of nuclear factor-xls in up-regulation. Biochem. J. 366: 203-209 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020256
- Luoma JS, Yla-Herttuala S. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in various types of human atherosclerotic lesions. Virchows Arch. 434: 561-568 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1007/s004280050384
- Leiro JM, Alvarez E, Arranz JA, Cano E, Orallo F. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects of hydralazine on inducible NOS/COX-2 gene and protein expression in rat peritoneal macrophages. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2: 163-177 (2004)
- Berendji D, Kolb-Bachofen V, Meyer KL, Kroncke KD. Influence of nitric oxide on the intracellular reduced glutathione pool: Different cellular capacities and strategies to encounter nitric oxidemediated stress. Free Radical Bio. Med. 27: 773-780 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00123-9
-
Lo AH, Liang YC, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, Lin JK. Camosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-
$\kappa$ B in mouse macrophages. Carcinogenesis 23: 983-991 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/23.6.983 -
Lee AK, Sung SH, Kim YC, Kim SG Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-
$\alpha$ , and COX-2 expression by suchinone effects on I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, C/EBP and AP-1 activation. Brit. J. Phamacol. 139: 11-20 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705231 -
Bowie AG, Moynagh PN, O'Neill LA. Lipid peroxidation is involved in the activation of NF-
$\kappa$ B by tumor necrosis factor but interleukin-l in the human endothelial cell line ECV304. J. BioI. Chem. 272: 25941-24950 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.41.25941 -
Manna SK, Zhang HJ, Yant T, Oberley LW, Aggarwal BB. Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase suppresses tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis and activation of nuclear transcription factor-
$\kappa$ B and activated protein-1. J. BioI. Chem. 273: 13245-13254 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.21.13245 -
Bonizzi G, Piette J, Schoonbroodt S, Greimers R, Havard L, Merville MP, Bours V. Reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent NF-
$\kappa$ B activation by interleukin-1$\beta$ requires 5-lipoxygenase or NADPH oxidase activity. Mol. Cell. BioI. 19: 1950-1960 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.19.3.1950 - Ippouchi K, Itou H, Azuma K, Higashio H. Effect of naturally occurring organosulfur compounds on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Life Sci. 71: 411-419 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01685-5
- Ide N, Lau BH. Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation. J. Nutr. 131: 1020S-1026S (2001)
- Schreck R, Meier B, Mannel DN, Droge W, Baeuerle PA. Dithiocarbamates as potent inbibitors of nuclear factor kappa B activation in intact cells. J. Exp. Med. 175: 1181-1194 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.5.1181
-
Wang J, Mazza G. Inhibitory effects of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds on nitric oxide production in LPS/IFN-
$\gamma$ -activated RAW264.7 macrophages. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50: 850-857 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010976a - Choi I, Cho G, Kim S, Park Y. Effects of single cell products of apple on stimulating various functions of murine peritoneal macrophages. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 15: 347-350 (2006)
-
Cho HY, Park JY, Kim JK, Noh KH, Moon GS, Kim JI, Song YS. Quercetin ameliorates NO production via down-regulation of iNOS expression, NF
$\kappa$ B activation, and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 14: 200-206 (2005) - Chan MMY, Mattiacci JA, Hwang HS, Shah A, Fong D. Synergy between ethanol and grape polyphenols, quercetin, and resveratrol, in the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60: 1539-1548 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00471-8
-
Tabary O, Escotte S, Couetil JP, Hubert D, Dusser D, Puchelle E, Jacquot J. Genistein inhibits constitutive and inducible NF-
$\kappa$ B activation and decreases IL-8 production by human cystic fibrosis bronchial gland cells. Am. J. Pathol. 155: 473-481 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65143-7 - Guzman S, Gato A, Calleja JM. Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and free radical scavenging activities of the marine microalgae Chiarella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Phytother. Res. 15: 224-230 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.715
- Cho KJ, Han SH, Kim BY, Hwang SG, Park KK, Yang KH, Chung AS. Chlorophyllin suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 166: 120-127 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2000.8958
- Ong TM, Whong WZ, Stewart J, Brockman HE. Chlorophyllin a potent antimutagen against environmental and dietary complex mixture. Mutat Res. 173: 111-115 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(86)90086-2
-
Boloor KK, Kamat JP, Devasagayam TPA, Chlorophyllin as a protector of mitochondrial membranes against
${\gamma}$ -radiation and photosensitization. Toxicology 155: 63-71 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00278-X - Hsu CY, Yang CM, Chen CM, Chao PY, Hu SP. Effects of chlorophyll-related compounds on hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage within human lymphocytes. J Agr. Food Chem. 53: 2746-2750 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048520r
- Tomoe N, Haruki R, Hikoya H. Antigenotoxic activity of natural chlophylls. Mutat Res. 376: 97-100 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00030-4
- Roderick D, Shane Y, Randy L. Study of the forces stabilizing complexes between chlorophylls and heterocycilc amine mutagens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 27: 211-218 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:3<211::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-H
- Roderick D, Tomoe N, Hikoya H, Vibeke B, Jerry H, Georgy B. Chemopreventive properties of chlorophylls towards aflatoxin B1: a review of the antimutagenicity and anti carcinogenicity data in rainbow trout. Mutat. Res. 399: 245-253 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00259-5
- Fautz R, Husen B, Hechenberger C. Application of the neutral red assay (NR assay) to monolayer cultures of primary hepatocytes: rapid colorimetric viability determination for the unscheduled DNA synthesis test (UDS). Mutat. Res. 253: 173-179 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(91)90130-Z
- D' Agostino P, Ferlazzo V, Milano S, La Rosa M, Di Bella G, Caruso R Barbera C, Grimaudo S, Tolomeo M, Feo S, Cillari E. Anti-inflammatory effects of chemically modified tetracyclines by the inhibition of nitric oxide and interleukin-12 synthesis in J774 cell line. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1: 1765-1776 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00100-X
- Fraga CG, Leibovita RM, Roeder RG. Lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric-reactive substances in tissue slices: characterization and comparision with homogenates and microsomes. Free Radical Bio. Med. 4: 155-161 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(88)90023-8
- Tietze F. Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidaized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissue. Anal. Biochem. 27: 502-522 (1969) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(69)90064-5
- Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
- Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in antioxidant of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47: 469-474 (1974) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
- Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Method Enzymol. 105: 121-126 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
- Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 71: 952-958 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(76)90747-6
- Inger C, Bengt M. Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press Inc., Orlando, FL, USA. pp. 484-490 (1985)
-
Katsuyama K, Shichiri M, Marumo F, Hirata Y. NO inhibits cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NF-
$\kappa$ B activation by interfering with phosphorylation and degradation of IkB-a. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 18: 1795-1802 (1998) - Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinum thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159 (1987)
- Dignam JD, Lebovitz RM, Roeder RG Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract isolated from mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 1475-1489 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/11.5.1475
- Arteel GE, Braviba K, Sies H. Protection against peroxynitrite. FEBS Lett. 445: 226-230 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00073-3
- Misko TP, Highkin MK, Veenhuizen AW, Manning PT, Stem MK, Currie MG, Salvemini D. Characterization of the cytoprotective action of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts. J. Biol Chem. 273: 15646-15653 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.25.15646
- Ben-Shal V, Lomnitski L, Nyska A, Zurovsky Y, Bergman M, Grossman S. The effect of natural antioxidants, NAO and apocynin, on oxidative stress in the rat heart following LPS challenge. Toxicol. Lett. 123: 1-10 (2001)
- Watson AM, Warren G, Howard G. Shedlofsky SI, Blouin RA. Activities of conjugating and antioxidant enzymes following endotoxin exposure. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxic. 13: 63-69 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:2<63::AID-JBT1>3.0.CO;2-I
- Rohrdanz E, Ohler S, Tran-Thi QH, Kahl R. The phytoestrogen daidzein affects the antioxidant enzyme system of rat hepatoma H411E cells. J. Nutr. 132: 370-375 (2002)
- Alvarez E, Leiro J, Orallo F. Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on respiratory burst of rat macrophages. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2: 849-855 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00032-2
- Sheri SC, Lee WR, Lin HY, Huang HC, Ko CH, Yang LL, Chen YC. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of rutin, wogonin, and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 446: 187-194 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01792-2