DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Transdermal Delivery of Porcine Placenta Extracts using Linolenic Acid-based Emulsion Formulations

  • Kim, Dong-Chan (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Noh, Sang-Myoung (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Pochon CHA University) ;
  • Park, Ki-Tae (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Bong (Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Baek, Kwang-Hyun (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Pochon CHA University) ;
  • Oh, Yu-Kyoung (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • Published : 2007.10.21

Abstract

For transdermal delivery of porcine placenta extract (PPE), various emulsion formulations were prepared and evaluated. Polysorbate surfactants were used as emulsifiers and various C-18 unsaturated fatty acids as enhancers. The skin permeation of PPE was tested using a cellulose nitrate membrane-loaded Franz cell apparatus. Among emulsifiers, Tween 20 provided higher penetration effect than did Tween 80. Meanwhile, of various fatty acids, linolenic acid (18:3) revealed the highest skin permeation of PPE than the other C-18 unsaturated fatty acids. Stability of PPE emulsions was determined by cycles of freezing and thawing processes. The stability of emulsions depended on the percentage of Tween 20. Minimum 20% of Tween 20 was required to stabilize emulsions at room temperature for several days. Taken together, our results suggest that Tween 20 and linolenic acids might be key components to formulate PPE emulsion to provide the desirable skin permeability and stability.

Keywords

References

  1. S. Togashi, N. Takahashi, M. Iwama, S. Watanabe, K. Tamagawa and T. Fukui, Antioxidative col1agen-derived peptides in human-placenta extract, Placenta, 6, 497-502 (2002)
  2. A. E. Wrathall, Risks of transmitting scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by semen and embryos, Rev. Sci. Tech., 16, 240-264 (1997) https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.16.1.1016
  3. T. T. Lam, B. Hausen, L. Hook, M. Lau, J. Higgins, U. Christians, W. Jacobsen, M. Baluom, R. Duthaler, A. Katopodis, G. Chavez, E. Cozzi, R. Harrison, H. J. Schuurman, D. Borie and R. E. Morris, The effect of soluble complement receptor type 1 on acute humoral xenograft rejection in hDAF-transgenic pig-to-primate life-supporting kidney xenografts, Xenotransplantation, 12, 20-29 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3089.2004.00184.x
  4. C. G. McGregor, W. R. Davies, K. Oi, S. S. Teotia, J. M. Schirmer, J. M. Risdahl, H. D. Tazelaar, W. K. Kremers, R. C. Walker, G. W. Byrne and J. S. Logan, Cardiac xenotransplantation: recent preclinical progress with 3-month median survival, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 130, 844-851 (2005)
  5. P. Pal, S. Mallick, S. K. Mandal, M. Das, A. K. Dutta, P. K. Datta, R. Bera and R. Bhadra, A human placental extract: in vivo and in vitro assessments of its melanocyte growth and pigment-inducing activities, Int. J. Dermatol., 41, 760-767 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01524.x
  6. G. Ottaviani, S. Martel and P. A. Carrupt, Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay: a new membrane for the fast prediction of passive human skin permeability, J. Med. Chem., 49, 3948-3954 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/jm060230+
  7. R. Timothy, H. Regnault, B. Vrijer and C. Frederick, Transport and Metabolism of Amino Acids in Placenta, Endocrine, 19, 23-42 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:19:1:23
  8. P. Cayot and G. Tainturier, The Quantification of Protein Amino Groups by the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid Method: A Reexamination, Anal. Biochem., 249, 184-200 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1997.2161
  9. M. Kar and P. K. Choudhury, Formulation and evaluation of ethyl cellulose microspheres prepared by the multiple emulsion technique, Pharmazie, 62, 122-125 (2007)
  10. A. Kogan and N. Garti, Microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery vehicles, Adv. Colloid. Interface. Sci., 123-126, 369-385 (2006)
  11. A. Noto, P. Zahradka, N. Yurkova, X. Xie, E Nitschmann, M. Ogborn and C. G. Taylor, Conjugated linoleic acid reduces hepatic steatosis, improves liver function, and favorably modifies lipid metabolism in obese insulin-resistant rats, Lipids, 41, 179-188 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5086-6
  12. R. Jantharaprapap and G. Stagni, Effects of penetration enhancers on in vitro permeability of meloxicam gels, Int. J. Pharm., 343, 26-33 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.04.011
  13. W. Liu, D. Sun, C. Li, Q. Liu and J. Xu, Formation and stability of paraffin oil-in-water nano-emulsions prepared by the emulsion inversion point method, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci., 303, 557-563 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.07.055
  14. P. Araque, H. Casanova, C. Ortiz, B. Henao and C. Pelaez, Insecticidal activity of caffeine aqueous solutions and caffeine oleate emulsions against Drosophila melanogaster and Hypothenemus hampei, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 55, 6918-6922 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071052b
  15. V B. Nair and R. Panchagnula, Effect of iontophoresis and fatty acids on permeation of arginine vasopressin through rat skin, Pharmacol. Res., 47, 205-212 (2004)
  16. K. Morimoto, H. Tojima, T. Haruta, M. Suzuki and M. Kakemi, Enhancing effects of unsaturated fatty acids with various structures on the permeation of indomethacin through rat skin, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 48, 1133-1137 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03908.x
  17. E. C. Rojas and K. D. Papadopoulos, Induction of instability in water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions by freeze-thaw cycling, Langmuir, 13, 6911-6917 (2007)
  18. M. E. Carlotti, M. Gallarate, S. Sapino and E. Ugazio, W/O/W multiple emulsions for dermatological and cosmetic use, obtained wity ethylene oxide free emulsifiers, J. Disper. Sci. Technol., 26, 183-192 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1081/DIS-200045584