Journal of Chest Surgery

The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (대한심장혈관흉부외과학회)
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Prevalence of Intimal Defect in the Patients urith Surgically Treated Acute Type A Intramural Hematoma of the Aorta

외과적으로 치료한 급성 A형 대동맥벽내 혈종 환자에서 대동맥 내막 결손의 존재 빈도

  • Park, Kay-Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
  • 박계현 (분당서울대학교병원 흉부외과)
  • Published : 2007.11.05
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Abstract

Background: There is a controversy regarding the pathogenesis and management principle of an acute intramural hematoma (IMH) of the aorta, Recent studies have reported intimal defects in many patients diagnosed with IMH, and suggested that intimal defects play important roles in the pathogenesis, progression of the pathology, and prognosis. Material and Method: This study reviewed the preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan images of 36 patients who underwent surgical treatment for Stanford type A acute IMH of the aorta. The surgical findings were also reviewed retrospectively from the medical records. Result: In 15 patients (41.7%), the findings suggestive of the intimal defects were found in the preoperative CT. During the operation, 20 patients (72.2%) were found to have small intimal defects in the ascending aorta or the arch, of which 13 patients (50.5%) did not have the CT findings suggestive of intimal defects. In 17 patients, the intimal defects were located in the aortic arch or distal ascending aorta, where a gross examination would have been impossible without total circulatory arrest. In all patients, the intimal defects identified were included in the resected aortic segment, or locally closed. Follow-up CT at 4 months or longer after surgery showed that the IMH in the descending aorta had disappeared or was markedly improved. Conclusion: Most patients undergoing surgical treatment for acute type A IMH had intimal defects. This suggests that a large proportion of IMH might have a similar pathogenic mechanism as classic dissection. Consequently, it is believed that those two entities of acute aortic syndrome should be treat-ed using the same principles.

배경: 급성 대동맥벽내 혈종의 발생 기전과 적절한 치료 방침에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 최근의 연구 결과들은 상당수의 대동맥벽내 혈종 환자에서 내막 결손이 발견됨을 보고하여 왔고 그 존재가 발생 기전, 병변의 변화 및 예후에 중요한 역할을 할 가능성을 제시한다. 그러나 수술을 시행한 환자에서 실제로 내막 결손이 발견되는 빈도에 대한 연구는 아직 없기에 본 연구를 통하여 그 빈도와 양상을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: Stanford A형 급성 대동맥벽내 혈종으로 수술 받은 36명의 환자들을 대상으로 수술 전후 CT 영상 및 판독 결과와 함께 수술 소견을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 수술 전 CT상 15명(41.7%)에서 내막 결손의 존재를 시사하는 소견이 관찰되었고 수술 중 육안 관찰 결과로는 26명(72.2%)에서 상행 대동맥이나 대동맥궁에서 3 cm미만 크기의 내막 결손이 발견되었다. 특히 CT에서 내막 결손의 존재를 의심할 수 없었던 환자 18명 중 13명(72.2%)에서 수술 시야에서 내막 결손을 확인할 수 있었다. 내막 결손이 발견된 환자 중 17명(65.4%)은 완전 순환 정지하에 대동맥을 절개하였을 때만 육안 확인이 가능한 대동맥궁이나 상행 대동맥 원위부에 결손 부위를 가지고 있었다. 모든 환자에서 육안으로 확인된 내막 결손 부위는 절제 구간에 포함되었고 추적 CT상 수술 후 4개월 이상 경과한 이후에는 모두하행 대동맥 벽의 혈종이 소실되거나 호전되는 소견을 보였다. 결론: 급성 A형 대동맥벽내 혈종으로 수술을 시행 받은 환자 중 80% 이상에서 대동맥 및 주요 분지에 내막 결손이 발견됨을 보여주는 본 연구 결과는 대동맥벽내 혈종의 발생 기전이 내막 파열 결과 발생하는 대동맥 박리증과 동일한 경우가 많을 가능성을 시사한다. 그러므로 급성 대동맥 벽내 혈종을 전형적인 대동맥 박리증과 구별하여 별도의 치료 방침을 적용하기보다는 A형 병변의 경우 급성 대동맥 박리증과 동일한 원칙, 즉 외과적 치료가 우선적으로 고려되어야 한다고 판단된다. 또한 수술 시에는 내막 결손의 존재를 염두에 두고 찾아서 해당 범위를 절제하도록 노력할 필요가 있다고 생각한다.

Keywords

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